1. Legal Framework: Why the Trade Registry Matters 1.1. Principle of registration and publicity Under the Turkish Commercial Code, certain facts concerning commercial enterprises and companies must be registered and published. The Trade Registry is a public database kept under the supervision of the Ministry of Trade and operated by regional trade registry offices. It […]
Introduction: Old Code, New Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how we work, communicate, and make decisions. Autonomous vehicles, algorithmic decision systems, generative models, and robotics are now involved in contexts where serious harm can occur. This has led many commentators to ask a provocative question:Do we need an entirely new criminal code designed specifically […]
1. Why Medical Malpractice Has Become a Cross-Border Issue Medical malpractice used to be a largely domestic issue: a patient was treated in their home country by local doctors, in local hospitals, under clearly applicable national law. Today, this picture has changed dramatically. When something goes wrong – a misdiagnosis, an avoidable surgical complication, a […]
Introduction: Old Code, New Technology Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how we work, communicate, and make decisions. Autonomous vehicles, algorithmic decision systems, generative models, and robotics are now involved in contexts where serious harm can occur. This has led many commentators to ask a provocative question:Do we need an entirely new criminal code designed specifically […]
Introduction: From Helpful Tool to Weapon Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are designed to assist, optimize, and augment human capabilities. Yet the same systems can be weaponized by users to commit or facilitate crime. From AI-generated phishing emails and deepfake videos to automated harassment, cyberattacks, and targeted manipulation, we increasingly see AI misuse cases where users […]
Introduction: When the “Actor” Is a System but the Beneficiary Is a Company Autonomous systems — including AI-powered software, robots, self-driving vehicles, and algorithmic decision platforms — are increasingly deployed by corporations to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and open new business models. When these systems misbehave and cause harm — discrimination, accidents, data breaches, financial […]
1. Legal Framework of Traffic Accident Compensation in Turkey When a traffic accident occurs in Turkey, several legal sources come into play: For foreigners, there is no separate compensation regime. In principle, foreign and Turkish nationals are treated equally before Turkish courts and insurance companies. However, foreigners face practical challenges: Because of these complexities, it […]
1. Introduction: When Customs Turns into a Legal Problem Foreigners entering or leaving Turkey with cash, jewelry, watches, electronics or commercial goods are often surprised to discover that customs officials have the power to seize these items on the spot. Sometimes the issue is purely administrative (missing declaration, exceeding allowance, unpaid customs duty). In other […]
Introduction: When Code Meets Criminal Intent Modern artificial intelligence (AI) and software systems are the result of a division of labor: programmers design and implement the tools, while users decide how and for what purposes those tools are used. When AI systems are involved in crime — fraud, cyber-attacks, discrimination, harassment, or physical harm through […]