Introduction Franchise Taxation in Turkey constitutes one of the most critical dimensions of cross-border franchising. While Turkey offers a lucrative and rapidly expanding market for global brands, foreign investors must navigate a complex tax environment governed by corporate income tax, withholding tax, value-added tax (VAT), and international double taxation treaties. For multinational enterprises, understanding franchise […]
Introduction How to Open a Franchise Company in Turkey as a Foreigner is a frequent question among international entrepreneurs. Turkey, with its strategic location, young population, and rapidly developing economy, offers unique opportunities for global franchise brands. However, opening a franchise company in Turkey as a foreigner requires careful planning, legal compliance, and registration with […]
1. Legal Nature of Franchise Agreements In Turkish law, a franchise agreement is considered a sui generis contract — it does not have a dedicated regulation but falls under general contract principles. Courts often apply provisions of agency, sales, and license agreements by analogy. This makes the drafting of franchise agreements in Turkey especially important, […]
Introduction Franchise in Turkey has become an attractive business model for foreign investors seeking to enter the dynamic Turkish market. With a young population, strategic location, and strong retail growth, franchising offers significant opportunities. However, investors must first understand the legal framework regulating franchise agreements in Turkey. For foreign investors considering franchising in Turkey, it […]
1. Basic Legal Framework Selling products in Turkey involves compliance with: Whether you are an individual foreigner or a foreign company, the obligations will differ. 2. Selling as an Individual (Occasional or Online) If you are not establishing a business but want to sell occasionally (e.g., via online platforms like Etsy, Amazon, Trendyol): 3. Selling […]
1. Introduction With the rise of digital platforms such as Netflix, BluTV, and Spotify, access to films, series, and music has become easier than ever. However, online piracy and unauthorized subscription sharing have also grown significantly. These issues raise serious concerns under Turkish Intellectual Property Law (Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu – FSEK) as well […]
Introduction Fan fiction—stories created by fans based on existing books, movies, television shows, or other copyrighted works—has become a widespread cultural phenomenon. Online platforms host millions of fan-created works, allowing communities to explore alternative storylines, character relationships, and “what-if” scenarios. While fan fiction fosters creativity and engagement, it raises complex copyright questions: do these derivative […]
1. Introduction Cryptocurrency fraud has become one of the most widespread forms of modern financial crime. Due to the decentralized and largely anonymous nature of blockchain technology, offenders exploit cryptocurrencies to deceive investors and launder illicit assets. Typical fraudulent schemes include: 2. Legal Framework under Turkish Law a) Criminal Law b) Civil and Commercial Law […]
Introduction The exponential growth of digital content in music, film, literature, and visual arts has intensified the challenges of copyright enforcement. Traditional copyright management systems often suffer from inefficiencies, lack of transparency, and jurisdictional limitations. In response, blockchain technology has emerged as a potential solution for copyright tracking, offering immutability, decentralization, and global accessibility. This […]