COLLISION IN MARITIME LAW (A Comprehensive Study on the Law of Ship Collisions) 1. Introduction With the development of maritime transportation, ship collisions at sea (“collisions”) have come to bear serious consequences both in terms of property and human life. For this reason, the issue of collision has been subjected to special regulations within maritime […]
Definition, Legal Nature, and Turkish Supreme Court Practice I. Introduction Maritime trade, an inherently international and high-risk sector carrying a significant portion of global trade volume, relies heavily on the charterparty (contract of carriage by sea) as one of its fundamental agreements. In the Turkish Commercial Code (Law No. 6102, “TCC”), maritime trade is regulated […]
Introduction: Rising Vape Use and Heightened Customs Enforcement Electronic cigarettes, disposable vapes, pods, and flavored liquids have become increasingly popular worldwide. Many foreign tourists and residents arriving in Türkiye carry: However, Türkiye imposes strict import controls on all tobacco-related and nicotine-bearing products. This means that vape devices and liquids—regardless of whether they contain nicotine—can trigger: […]
Introduction: Türkiye’s Export Market and the Role of Samples Türkiye is a major global supplier in sectors such as: Foreign companies frequently request sample products from Turkish manufacturers to evaluate: Sending commercial samples abroad is permitted and commonly practiced. However, Turkish exporters sometimes ship samples without declaring them properly, either: When Turkish customs detects that […]
Introduction: A Common but Legally Risky Tourist Practice Türkiye welcomes millions of foreign tourists each year, many of whom rent vehicles for: Some tourists bring from abroad: While travelers often view these items as minor personal belongings, Turkish customs evaluates them under strict import rules. Depending on quantity, packaging, and intended use, foreign tourists may […]
Introduction: A Unique Legal Situation for Returning Turkish Citizens and Their Foreign Spouses Each year, thousands of Turkish citizens living abroad return to Türkiye temporarily or permanently, often accompanied by their foreign spouses. During these visits or relocations, they bring: Although these items are typically intended for personal and family use, Turkish customs laws impose […]
Introduction: Growing Tourist Purchases and Increasing Customs Scrutiny Türkiye is one of the world’s most visited destinations, attracting tens of millions of tourists yearly. Foreign visitors frequently buy: While tourists typically intend to bring gifts home, customs authorities may suspect commercial export when quantities exceed personal-use levels. This triggers: This article analyzes the legal framework […]
Introduction: Growing Foreign Investment and Increasing Customs Sensitivity Türkiye has become a prominent hub for foreign entrepreneurs, particularly in sectors such as: Many foreign investors arrive in Türkiye carrying: While the intention is often legitimate business setup or market evaluation, these goods frequently trigger customs scrutiny. If proper procedures are not followed, authorities may classify […]
Introduction: Why Packages Sent to Foreign Residents Commonly Face Scrutiny Foreign nationals living in Türkiye—students, employees, retirees, digital nomads, and long-term residents—often receive cargo from their families abroad. These parcels typically contain: Because these shipments come from non-commercial senders and are intended as personal gifts, families assume their packages will pass through customs smoothly. However, […]