In Turkey, a vekaletname (power of attorney – “PoA”) is a very practical tool for foreigners who need legal acts to be carried out on their behalf without being physically present. It is widely used in real estate purchases, court proceedings, company formation, banking, and many other transactions. However, because a PoA gives very strong […]
The European Patent System and the U.S. Patent System: A Comparative Review Europe In Europe, the single body that grants a “European patent” is the European Patent Office (EPO), and the backbone of the system is the European Patent Convention (EPC). The EPO acts as a centralized granting authority; once a European patent is granted, […]
The Future of Patent Law: Innovation, Policy, and AI-Generated Inventions Patent law is entering one of the most transformative phases in its history. From the industrial revolution to the digital age, every technological shift has forced a legal recalibration. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) represents the next frontier — challenging how the world defines invention, ownership, […]
Patent License Agreements: Structuring Win-Win Deals Patent license agreements are contracts that allow a patent owner (the licensor) to authorize another party (the licensee) to use a patented invention under defined conditions in exchange for economic value. For commercial companies, licensing functions as a tool to scale technology into markets quickly, share costs, generate revenue, […]
Strategy in International Patent Disputes: Litigation, Arbitration, and Settlement As commercial companies scale globally, patents often shift from being purely defensive assets to becoming direct sources of cross-border disputes. When multiple firms invest in similar technologies, parallel patents may arise across jurisdictions, and once products cross borders, infringement allegations, invalidity actions, customs blocks, or licensing […]
Corporate Patent Monitoring: Tracking Competitors Worldwide For commercial companies competing in international markets, patents are not only legal assets to defend. They are also one of the most reliable early-warning signals for where the industry—and specific rivals—are heading next. Major players typically reveal their R&D direction, future product lines, and geographic market ambitions first through […]
Patent Valuation for International Investment and Market Entry For commercial companies, patents are not merely legal protection instruments; they are quantifiable economic assets and strategic capital that can shape global expansion. This is why patent valuation becomes essential for firms seeking foreign investment or preparing to enter international markets. Investors, acquirers, and global partners often […]
Sector-Specific Global Patent Tactics: Tech, Pharma, and Manufacturing There is no “one-size-fits-all” international patent strategy for commercial companies. What works for a software or AI firm may be ineffective—or even harmful—for a pharmaceutical innovator or an industrial manufacturer. Each sector differs in R&D cycle length, product lifespan, regulatory intensity, imitation patterns, and commercialization models, so […]
Patents in Export-Driven Companies: Protecting Products Overseas For commercial companies that export—or plan to export—patent strategy follows a different logic than domestic protection. Patent rights are territorial: a patent granted in Türkiye generally protects only within Türkiye. Once a product crosses borders, that protection does not automatically travel with it. As a result, two risks […]
International R&D and Patent Ownership: Who Owns the Invention? International research and development (R&D) projects are now at the center of commercial companies’ growth strategies. In sectors such as technology, pharmaceuticals, defense, software, automotive, and medical devices, a single product can involve teams, universities, startups, and suppliers from multiple countries at once. While this multi-actor […]