Introduction Phishing in Turkey has become one of the most prevalent forms of banking fraud, typically executed via SMS or email links that mimic official bank communications. Under Turkish law, these attacks are prosecuted as aggravated fraud when committed through digital systems, while banks remain subject to strict security obligations imposed by the Banking Law, […]
Introduction Video games are no longer merely entertainment products; they have evolved into complex ecosystems that blend creativity, interactivity, and user participation. In-game content—ranging from character skins and emotes to user-generated mods and digital assets—has become central to both gameplay experience and the gaming economy. The legal question that arises is: who owns the copyright […]
Introduction Food is both culture and commerce. While recipes and culinary creations are central to gastronomy, their legal protection under intellectual property (IP) law remains ambiguous. Unlike inventions in technology or art, food recipes straddle the line between creativity and functionality. Famous examples—such as Coca-Cola’s secret formula or KFC’s “11 herbs and spices”—illustrate how recipes […]
Introduction Romantic scam in Turkey has become a growing concern for both locals and foreigners who use digital platforms to build relationships. Fraudsters exploit online dating apps, social media, and messaging tools to create false promises of love and marriage. Unlike a simple disappointment in personal life, this type of fraud is recognized under the […]
Introduction Marriage promise fraud in Turkey has become a concerning issue, especially for foreigners who may be unfamiliar with the local legal framework and cultural dynamics. This type of fraud occurs when an individual pretends to intend marriage but in reality seeks to gain financial benefits by exploiting the victim’s trust and emotions. Unlike genuine […]
Introduction The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has revolutionized product development, prototyping, and consumer customization. By enabling the direct creation of complex objects from digital files, 3D printing blurs the line between producers and consumers. However, this technological advancement raises significant legal challenges, particularly in the domain of intellectual property […]
Introduction Podcasts have become one of the fastest-growing mediums for storytelling, education, and entertainment. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts are decentralized and distributed globally through digital platforms, often with minimal regulatory oversight. However, when it comes to music usage, podcasters enter a complex legal landscape governed by copyright law. Music licensing issues—particularly surrounding synchronization, performance, and […]
Introduction Internet memes have become a cornerstone of contemporary digital communication—sharing humor, commentary, and social critique across platforms. These viral pieces often remix animated GIFs, photos, or cultural icons. Yet behind the humor lies a complex legal terrain: when does meme creation—or recirculation—cross the line into copyright infringement? Fair use offers some protection, but its […]
Introduction Fashion has always been at the intersection of art, commerce, and law. Designers invest creativity and resources into producing garments and accessories that not only serve functional purposes but also express cultural identity and artistic vision. Yet, fashion designs are notoriously difficult to protect under intellectual property (IP) law. The legal tension primarily lies […]
Introduction The concept of the Metaverse—a persistent, shared, and immersive virtual environment—has rapidly gained attention in law, technology, and business. Within this digital ecosystem, users can create avatars, buy and sell virtual land, and exchange digital assets through non-fungible tokens (NFTs). While the Metaverse presents immense opportunities for innovation and commerce, it also introduces significant […]