Agent/representative misconduct (KYC corners cut) is a top driver of vicarious liability for Turkish payment and e-money providers. One-line takeaway: In Turkey, agent/representative misconduct (KYC corners cut) can flow straight back to the licensed payment/e-money provider under Law 6493 and MASAK’s AML regime. If your outsourced sales points, onboarding centers, or field reps skip ID […]
Chargeback abuse vs. merchant fraud is the fastest way margins erode in Turkey, unless your contracts, flows, and dispute process are aligned with Law 6502 and network rules. One-line takeaway: In Turkey, chargeback abuse vs. merchant fraud both kill margins—one from the consumer side (friendly fraud, misuse of rights under Law 6502), the other from […]
One-line takeaway: In Turkey, using crypto in the payment leg (i.e., inside the actual checkout, authorization, clearing, or settlement steps) is off-limits. If a merchant wants crypto exposure, keep it outside the regulated payment service and settle fiat-only. Why this keeps coming up A high-growth merchant says: “We want customers to pay with BTC/USDT right […]
One-line summary: When a MASAK (Turkey’s AML authority) inquiry lands, some institutions over-react and freeze thousands of accounts “pending KYC remediation.” Done badly, this triggers a PR firestorm, customer lawsuits, and regulatory risk. This playbook shows how to use 5549 AML, MASAK guidance, and the tipping-off prohibition to design proportional freezes, clean customer communications, and […]
One-line summary: When chargebacks spike, acquirers often withhold payouts “for risk.” If an acquirer freezes merchant settlements, a growth-stage company can face a sudden cashflow shock. This guide explains the Turkish legal levers (TBK and Law No. 6502), card-network rules, the evidence you should gather, and the contract fixes—clear reserve formula, cure periods, dispute SLAs, […]
Executive summary When a Turkish payment institution (PI) or electronic money institution (EMI) fails, the single question that matters for users and investors is: Are customer monies truly bankruptcy-remote? Under Law No. 6493 and CBRT secondary legislation, client funds must be segregated and safeguarded; in principle, they should fall outside the insolvent estate. In practice, […]
Introduction: Why “payment accounts & wallets” matter in Turkey Turkey has become one of Europe’s most dynamic payments markets. Instant transfers, standardized QR payments, and open-banking rails now underpin the way consumers and businesses move money. Against this backdrop, payment accounts & wallets—typically operated by banks, payment institutions, or e-money institutions—sit at the core of […]
Introduction Fintech in Turkey has moved from “promising niche” to “regulated mainstream.” From payments and e-money to open banking, AML and data protection, the regulatory perimeter is now clear enough for institutional investors—yet dynamic enough to reward first movers who structure compliance into product design. This article explains what fintech covers in practice, how Turkish […]