Executive Summary: To employ a foreigner in Türkiye you must (i) apply for a work permit (or confirm an exemption) and (ii) meet employer obligations on wages, SGK registration and notifications. As a rule, workplaces must employ five Turkish citizens per foreign employee; however, there are new 2024–2025 exemptions (e.g., ₺50,000,000 net sales workplaces can […]
Executive Summary Following the 2024 reforms to KVKK Article 9 and subsequent secondary rules and guidance, Türkiye now operates a three-tier model for sending personal data abroad: The Authority has published four role-based Standard Contract templates (Controller→Controller, Controller→Processor, Processor→Processor, Processor→Controller). These must be notified to the Authority within 5 business days of signature, and changes/termination […]
Executive Summary: Contents 1) What counts as a “service contract” and why non‑compete matters In Turkish law, a service contract is the agreement under which an employee undertakes to work personally under the employer’s direction and supervision in return for wages. During employment, the employee owes a duty of loyalty and confidentiality; after termination, that […]
Executive Summary Table of Contents Key Legal Sources & Concepts Individual Tax Residence & Full vs. Limited Taxpayer Status 1) The Core Rule 2) Determining Residence for Individuals Key factors commonly considered under Turkish law and practice: 3) Typical Individual Income Categories (GVK Framework) Residents declare worldwide income subject to domestic exemptions, allowances, and progressive […]
Executive Summary Doing business in Turkey requires precise contracts, fast reaction to default (temerrüt) and defect (ayıp) issues, and smart dispute-resolution choices. This guide distills the must-have clauses for B2B agreements, explains how to preserve your rights when performance is late or defective, and shows how to leverage mandatory commercial mediation, ISTAC/ICC arbitration, interim measures, […]
Key Takeaways: 1) Why Türkiye — and how foreign investment actually works Türkiye offers a large domestic market, an EU‑adjacent customs regime, a sophisticated financial sector, and a digitized company‑law infrastructure. Crucially for foreign founders, the equal‑treatment principle applies: foreign investors generally enjoy the same rights as domestic investors without a local‑partner requirement. In practice, […]
Is it really “trending” now? Yes—interest from Chinese nationals in Turkish real estate has risen in the last 2–3 years, particularly for Istanbul, Antalya, and parts of the Aegean coast. While the top nationalities by purchase volume still tend to be Russians, Iranians, and Ukrainians, official data show foreign-home transactions overall and their nationality mix […]
1) The concrete scenario 2) Point-by-point application of Yargıtay’s holdings A) Unjustified deviation from the statutory minimum (proportionality & individualized reasoning) What the ruling says in substanceWhen the amount is small, the method has no special feature, and considering the importance and value of the goods, courts must respect individualization of punishment and consistency with […]
Concrete Case Scenario (Adapted to Practice) File: Istanbul (Küçükçekmece) Chief Public Prosecutor, 2025/…, transferred to … Criminal Court of First Instance (Asliye Ceza).Client: M.K., 34, private sector employee with a clean record.Facts as Recorded in the Seizure Minutes: Strategic Relevance of the Facts: Legal Framework in Short 1) The Norm: Law No. 5607 (Anti-Smuggling) Prosecutors […]
Table of Contents 1) Introduction: Why Transplantation Law and Policy Matter Organ and tissue transplantation is one of the most regulated interfaces between medicine and law. It embodies high-stakes ethical choices—balancing the autonomy of donors, the welfare of recipients, and societal commitments to fairness, transparency, and safety. Because demand chronically exceeds supply, every rule—from how […]