Introduction The digital transformation of modern life has increased both opportunities and risks. Alongside the growth of e-commerce, social media, and online communication, new types of criminal activity have emerged: hacking, identity theft, phishing, and online fraud. To address these challenges, Turkish Cyber Crimes Law establishes a legal framework that criminalizes unlawful conduct in cyberspace […]
Introduction The regulation of pharmaceuticals is one of the most sensitive areas of law, balancing public health with the rights of manufacturers, distributors, and consumers. Turkish Drug Law establishes the rules for the authorization, production, marketing, and supervision of medicines in Türkiye. It reflects both local needs and international standards, ensuring that drugs are safe, […]
Introduction Government contracts are a significant part of the Turkish economy, with billions of Turkish liras spent annually on goods, services, and construction projects. The legal regime that regulates these activities is known as Turkish Public Procurement Law. This framework ensures transparency, efficiency, fair competition, and accountability in how public resources are spent. Whether you […]
Introduction In today’s global marketplace, advertising is not only about creativity but also about compliance with strict regulations. Turkish Advertising Law provides the legal foundation that governs commercial communication in Türkiye. It seeks to balance consumer protection, fair competition, and freedom of trade. From traditional media to digital platforms, advertisers must comply with a set […]
Introduction The rise of social media, streaming platforms, and digital advertising has dramatically changed how celebrities, influencers, and entertainers operate in Türkiye. As their visibility and commercial value grow, so does the need for strong celebrity, influencer & entertainers representation and rights protection in Turkey. From contractual arrangements with agencies and brands to intellectual property […]
1) Executive Summary Türkiye does not yet have a stand-alone “AI Act.” Compliance for AI systems is achieved by mapping use cases onto a layered framework: personal data protection (Law No. 6698, “KVKK”), civil liability and contracts (Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, “TCO”), the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, consumer protection (Law No. 6502), […]
1) System Overview and Core Sources Turkey follows a civil-law system with a title-registration (tapu sicili) regime administered by the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. Ownership and most in rem rights over immovables arise and are perfected by registration. Four pillars frame the practice: What counts as “immovable”? Land, independent and permanent rights […]
1) Legal Framework and Institutional Map Primary Legislation. Residence in Turkey by non-citizens is governed principally by the Law on Foreigners and International Protection (Law No. 6458) (“LFIP”) and its secondary legislation (Implementation Regulation and various circulars). Work authorization is handled under the International Labor Force Law (Law No. 6735), but a valid work permit […]
19) Model Clause Snippets (Plain English → Turkish Law Ready) Hardship (TCO 138-aligned):“The Parties acknowledge that extraordinary, unforeseeable events that fundamentally disturb the contractual equilibrium may entitle the affected party to seek adaptation in good faith. Failing agreement within 30 days of a written request, the affected party may apply to court for adaptation or […]