Regulation of Digital Currencies: Central Bank Digital Currencies and Legal Challenges 1. Introduction: The Rise of Digital Currency and the Legal Need With the growing global popularity of crypto assets and the transformative impact of technology on financial infrastructures, central banks around the world have begun exploring the concept of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). These […]
1. Introduction: The New Face of Digital Transformation With its decentralized structure and immutable records, blockchain technology has begun to reshape many sectors, especially finance. One of its most transformative applications is the use of smart contracts, which promise automated, transparent, and cost-effective execution of transactions. However, how smart contracts align with legal systems — particularly Turkish […]
1. Introduction The real estate sector has become one of the most strategic areas of investment in Turkey for both individual and institutional investors. Particularly for institutional investors, Real Estate Investment Funds (REIFs) stand out due to their tax advantages and legal safeguards. Regulated by the Capital Markets Board of Turkey (CMB), these structures offer transparency, diversification, […]
Urban transformation projects in Turkey not only serve the physical renewal of cities but also present significant investment opportunities. Foreign investors have shown increasing interest, particularly in major cities with aging building stock. However, those planning to invest in this area must take into account certain specific legal regulations and risks unique to Turkish law. […]
Risk Management in Commercial Contracts with Foreign Companies In today’s globalized trade environment, Turkish companies increasingly engage in various commercial relationships with foreign entities, such as supply of goods and services, partnerships, distributorship agreements, and licensing contracts. However, as these relationships bring together different legal systems, commercial practices, and judicial approaches, it is crucial that […]
Introduction While renewable energy projects such as solar farms, wind parks, hydroelectric dams, and biomass plants are central to the global energy transition and climate change mitigation, they can also create social, environmental, and economic impacts on local communities. Issues like land use disputes, environmental harm, noise pollution, and cultural heritage concerns can lead local […]
Introduction Carbon credit trading has become a critical component of global efforts to mitigate climate change. Under this system, organizations, governments, and companies can buy and sell carbon credits, representing the right to emit a certain amount of CO₂ or other greenhouse gases. While carbon markets—both compliance markets and voluntary markets—offer economic incentives for emission […]