1. Introduction: Why Double Tax Treaties Matter in Turkey Foreign investors who allocate capital to Turkey – by acquiring shares in Turkish companies, granting loans, licensing trademarks or software, or providing cross-border services – inevitably face one big concern: Will the same income be taxed both in Turkey and in my home country? This risk, […]
Introduction: Can You Punish a Machine? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly influence real-world outcomes, legal scholars have begun to ask a difficult question: if an AI system causes serious harm, can – or should – we “punish” the AI itself? At first glance, the idea sounds intuitive. If the system “acted” wrongly, perhaps it […]
1. Legal Basis: Which Laws Govern Foreign Employees in Turkey? When a foreign employee works in Turkey under a valid employment contract, the relationship is usually governed by: A foreign employee with a work permit is generally treated like a Turkish employee in terms of: Therefore, as a default rule, the same termination rules apply […]
Machine Intent: Fiction or Legal Necessity? Introduction: Do We Need “Machine Intent” to Make Sense of AI? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems take more autonomous decisions, a controversial idea has emerged in legal scholarship: “machine intent”. Some argue that we should treat AI systems as if they have a kind of intent or mental state, […]
1. Introduction: Why Foreigners Need a Clear Succession Plan in Turkey Over the last decade, Turkey has become a preferred destination for foreign buyers: apartments in Istanbul, seafront villas in Antalya, investment flats in urban transformation projects, or commercial properties rented to Turkish companies. Once a foreigner acquires property in Turkey, the next key legal […]
Should AI Systems Be Treated as Legal Persons in Criminal Law? Introduction: From Tools to “Legal Persons”? As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more autonomous and influential, legal scholars and policymakers are asking a provocative question: should AI systems be treated as legal persons in criminal law? The idea is not entirely new. Legal systems […]
Re-Defining “Human Conduct” in Criminal Law for AI-Driven Systems Introduction: When Actions Are Mediated by Machines Criminal law has traditionally centered on human conduct: a physical act or omission that can be attributed to a person who can be blamed, punished, and deterred. This is usually captured in the concept of actus reus, the external […]
Istanbul has become one of the most popular cities in the world for foreign residents, digital nomads, investors and international employees. Whether you are staying for a year or planning a long-term life in the city, signing a clear and lawful residential lease agreement is crucial for protecting both your money and your living comfort. […]
Mens Rea in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Introduction: Can “Guilty Mind” Survive in a World of Algorithms? Mens rea — the “guilty mind” — is one of the pillars of criminal law. Liability is not imposed merely because harm occurred, but because the defendant’s mental state at the time of the act justifies blame […]