Executive Summary In Turkey, drug trafficking is primarily regulated by Turkish Penal Code (TCK) Article 188, while possession for personal use is addressed under TCK 191, together with special statutes (e.g., Law No. 2313) and procedural tools in the Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu (CMK). Penalties vary based on act type (manufacture/import/export vs. domestic supply), substance, location […]
Gold Smuggling in Türkiye (2025): 1) Why gold is a “high-risk” commodity in Türkiye Gold concentrates very high value in very little weight; it can be melted, recast, and moved in different forms (jewellery, bars/ingots, granules, doré). Those features invite misdeclaration of tariff (GTIP), manipulation of customs value (Arts. 23–31 of Customs Law), and route/ […]
Summary: Arms smuggling and terrorist financing are intertwined threats that exploit gaps in export controls, trade finance, NPO oversight, virtual-asset rails, and weak border/transshipment regimes. A resilient defense aligns export-control compliance (end-use/end-user controls, diversion prevention) with robust AML/CFT (risk assessment, CDD/EDD, screening, TBML controls, and timely suspicious transaction reporting). Institutions should anchor their programs in […]
Child Labour, Forced Begging, and Criminal Exploitation: Legal Definitions, Risk Factors, and Compliance Strategies: Table of Contents 1) Introduction Child labour, forced begging, and criminal exploitation are interlinked forms of abuse that deprive children of their dignity, education, and future prospects. These practices cut across borders and industries, affecting both formal supply chains and informal […]
Smuggled Fuel: Risks, Red Flags, and Compliance Strategies: Summary Smuggled fuel—petroleum products traded outside legal channels, tax regimes, or licensing frameworks—undercuts legitimate businesses, deprives states of revenue, damages engines and infrastructure, and creates material ESG and safety risks. The illicit trade is fueled (pun intended) by tax differentials, subsidies, conflict-zone leakage, sanctions evasion, and uneven […]
Tax Residency for Foreign Individuals Foreigners living in Turkey are subject to Turkish tax laws depending on their residency status. A person is considered a tax resident if they have legal domicile in Turkey or reside in the country for more than six months in a calendar year. Tax residents are liable to pay income […]
Choosing the Right Business Entity Foreign investors can choose from several business entities when establishing a presence in Turkey. The most common structures include limited liability companies (LLCs), joint stock companies (JSCs), branch offices and liaison offices. An LLC (limited şirket) is often preferred for small to medium enterprises because it requires a minimum capital […]
Overview of Marriage Laws for Foreigners Foreigners who wish to marry in Turkey are subject to the same civil law requirements as Turkish citizens. Turkish law recognises only civil marriages performed by municipal authorities; religious ceremonies have no legal validity unless preceded by a civil marriage. Foreigners must provide documentation proving their identity and marital […]
Foreigners inheriting assets in Turkey enjoy rights largely similar to those of Turkish citizens under the Turkish Civil Code and the Law on International Private and Procedural Law (IPPL). Immovable property located in Turkey is subject to Turkish law regardless of the deceased person’s nationality, while movable assets (like bank accounts or shares) are generally […]
Foreign investors seeking a second passport can obtain Turkish citizenship through the Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program. Under Turkish law, foreign nationals may acquire citizenship by making certain qualifying investments, such as purchasing real estate, depositing funds in a Turkish bank, or creating jobs. In 2025 the Turkish government continues to require that property purchases […]