In Which Cases Is Turkish Citizenship Lost and How Are Procedures for Renouncing Turkish Citizenship Carried Out? The loss of Turkish citizenship means the termination of a person’s citizenship bond with the Republic of Türkiye. Citizenship is not an ordinary legal relationship that a person may terminate solely at their own discretion. The loss of […]
Employee equity is one of the most important tools used by startups to attract, retain and motivate talented employees. A startup may not be able to compete with large technology companies on salary alone. However, it may offer something that a large established company cannot offer as easily: the opportunity to participate in the future […]
Liquidation preference is one of the most important economic provisions in startup investment agreements. It directly affects how the proceeds of a startup sale, merger, liquidation or other exit transaction are distributed among: Founders often focus primarily on valuation when negotiating an investment round. For example: Pre-money valuation: USD 20 million. Investment: USD 5 million. […]
What Are the Conditions for Acquiring Turkish Citizenship by Exception? The acquisition of Turkish citizenship may be possible through different legal means under Turkish law. One of these means is the acquisition of Turkish citizenship by exception. Exceptional citizenship is a special method of acquiring citizenship that allows a foreign national to acquire Turkish citizenship […]
Anti-dilution protection is one of the most important and potentially misunderstood provisions in startup investment agreements. When an investor provides capital to a startup, the investor usually agrees to a specific valuation and effectively pays a particular price for its shares. For example: Investor invests USD 5 million. Pre-money valuation: USD 20 million. Post-money valuation: […]
What Are the General Principles and Application Procedures Regarding Turkish Citizenship? The Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Citizenship Law is one of the principal secondary legislative instruments governing the implementation of Law No. 5901 on Turkish Citizenship. The Regulation sets out detailed rules concerning the acquisition and loss of Turkish citizenship, reacquisition of […]
Share transfer rights are among the most important provisions in startup investment agreements. A startup may begin with only two founders. After several years, however, the shareholder structure may include: When the company eventually receives an acquisition offer, having many shareholders can create a serious practical problem. A buyer may say: “We are prepared to […]
Venture Capital Investment in Turkish Startups: A Legal Guide for Founders and Investors Venture capital investment can become a turning point in the development of a startup. A company that initially grows through founder savings, angel investment or early revenue may eventually require substantially more capital to: At this stage, the startup may seek financing […]
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Judgments The recognition and enforcement of judgments rendered by foreign courts is one of the important subjects of private international law. As a general rule, a judgment rendered by a court of one state produces legal effects only within the legal order of that state. However, where the parties […]
Angel investment is one of the most important sources of financing for early-stage startups. Many startups are too young to obtain traditional bank financing and too early to attract large venture capital funds. At this stage, individual investors may provide the capital necessary to transform an idea, prototype or early product into a scalable business. […]