Introduction Digital transformation projects have become essential to businesses operating in Türkiye. Companies increasingly depend on enterprise software, cloud platforms, mobile applications, artificial intelligence systems, payment infrastructure, cybersecurity services, data analytics and outsourced information technology operations. These projects often involve significant investment and operational risk. A delayed enterprise resource planning implementation may interrupt manufacturing and […]
Introduction Türkiye’s strategic position between the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, the Aegean Sea and major international trade routes makes maritime transport an important part of commercial activity connected with the country. Shipowners, charterers, cargo interests, freight forwarders, insurers, commodity traders, ship managers, port operators and financial institutions may become involved in disputes concerning vessels, cargo, […]
Introduction Insurance disputes may involve much more than a disagreement over the amount of compensation. The parties may dispute whether the insured event occurred, whether the loss falls within the policy period, whether an exclusion applies, whether the insured complied with disclosure and notification obligations, or whether the insurer may pursue a third party after […]
Introduction Banking and finance transactions frequently involve substantial amounts, multiple contractual documents, sophisticated security packages and parties established in different jurisdictions. A single financing structure may include a facility agreement, guarantees, mortgages, share pledges, account pledges, assignments of receivables, intercreditor arrangements, hedging agreements and sponsor-support undertakings. When a dispute arises, the parties may disagree not […]
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions are among the most complex commercial transactions conducted in Türkiye. A typical acquisition may involve a share purchase agreement, disclosure letter, shareholders’ agreement, escrow arrangement, transitional services agreement, financing documents, management contracts and regulatory filings. Even where the parties complete extensive legal, financial and tax due diligence, disputes may arise before […]
Introduction Türkiye occupies a commercially significant position between Europe, Asia, the Middle East, the Caucasus and the Mediterranean. International companies operating in construction, energy, manufacturing, technology, transportation, logistics, finance, tourism, international trade and corporate investment frequently enter into contracts connected with Türkiye. When drafting these contracts, one of the most important questions is how future […]
Introduction The enforceability of an arbitral award is one of the principal reasons commercial parties choose arbitration. A successful claimant may seek to enforce an award against bank accounts, company shares, commercial receivables, movable property, real estate or other assets owned by the award debtor in Türkiye. Foreign arbitral awards are generally recognised and enforced […]
Introduction The cost of arbitration is one of the most important issues businesses should evaluate before commencing proceedings or including an arbitration clause in a commercial contract. Although arbitration may offer specialist decision-makers, procedural flexibility, confidentiality and international enforceability, it is not automatically less expensive than court litigation. The total cost of arbitration in Turkey […]
Introduction Türkiye has become an important destination for foreign investment in sectors such as energy, construction, manufacturing, technology, transportation, healthcare, finance, real estate, mining and infrastructure. According to the Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye Investment Office, Türkiye attracted USD 13.1 billion in foreign direct investment during 2025. Foreign investors establishing companies, acquiring shares, developing […]
Introduction Confidentiality is frequently presented as one of the principal advantages of arbitration. Businesses may prefer arbitration because commercial disputes often involve sensitive contracts, pricing formulas, financial records, technical designs, trade secrets, customer information, internal correspondence and allegations that may affect corporate reputation. However, the statement that arbitration is confidential must be approached carefully. Privacy […]