Introduction Political parties occupy a central position in Turkish constitutional law. They are not ordinary private organizations, nor are they public authorities in the strict sense. They are constitutional institutions that connect citizens with democratic politics, elections, parliamentary representation and public decision-making. For this reason, the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye gives political parties […]
Introduction The principle of secularism is one of the fundamental pillars of Turkish constitutional law. It defines the relationship between the State, religion, public authority and individual freedom of belief. In the Turkish constitutional system, secularism is not merely a political slogan or historical reference. It is a binding constitutional principle that shapes legislation, public […]
Introduction Constitutional amendments in Türkiye are among the most significant legal and political processes in the Turkish constitutional system. A constitution is not an ordinary statute. It establishes the identity of the State, organizes public power, protects fundamental rights and defines the legal limits of legislative, executive and judicial authority. For this reason, constitutional amendment […]
Introduction The relationship between Turkish constitutional law and human rights law is one of the most important subjects in the Turkish legal system. The Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye protects fundamental rights and freedoms, while international human rights law, especially the European Convention on Human Rights, plays a major role in the interpretation and […]
Introduction Equality before the law is one of the fundamental principles of the Turkish constitutional order. It requires that individuals in the same legal position be treated equally by the State and that any different treatment be based on objective, reasonable and constitutionally acceptable grounds. In Türkiye, equality is not merely a political ideal or […]
Introduction The right to a fair trial is one of the most important constitutional guarantees in the Turkish legal system. It protects individuals, companies and other legal persons against arbitrary judicial processes and ensures that disputes are resolved by independent, impartial and lawful courts. In Türkiye, the right to a fair trial is not limited […]
Introduction Freedom of expression is one of the core rights protected under Turkish constitutional law. It enables individuals to express opinions, criticize public authorities, participate in democratic debate, receive and impart information, engage in journalism, produce academic and artistic works and contribute to public discussion. Without freedom of expression, democratic society, pluralism, accountability and the […]
Introduction The presidential system under the Turkish Constitution represents one of the most significant constitutional transformations in the modern legal history of Türkiye. The constitutional amendments adopted in 2017 changed the structure of government by replacing the former parliamentary model with a presidential model in which executive power is vested in the President of the […]
Introduction Judicial review is one of the most important guarantees of constitutionalism, rule of law and fundamental rights in Türkiye. It ensures that legislative acts, executive measures, administrative decisions and judicial processes remain within the limits of the Constitution. In Turkish constitutional law, judicial review is not a single mechanism. It includes the constitutional review […]
Introduction The rule of law and constitutional democracy are two of the most important pillars of the Turkish constitutional system. They define how public power is exercised, how state authorities are limited, how fundamental rights are protected and how individuals may seek remedies against unlawful or disproportionate interference by public authorities. In Türkiye, constitutional democracy […]