Limitation of liability in maritime law is one of the most important protections available to shipowners, operators, charterers, salvors, and their liability insurers. It exists for a practical reason: shipping is a high-risk industry, and a single casualty can generate a chain of claims far beyond the commercial value of the voyage itself. A collision […]
Unsafe port claims in charterparty disputes are among the most important risk-allocation issues in shipping law because they sit at the point where navigation, commercial orders, and legal responsibility meet. When a charterer nominates a port or berth and the vessel is damaged, delayed, trapped, exposed to political violence, or forced to deviate, the central […]
A marine casualty is never just a technical event. It is a legal event, an evidentiary event, a safety event, and often a commercial crisis all at once. Under the IMO’s Casualty Investigation Code, a marine casualty includes events directly connected with ship operations that result in death or serious injury, loss of a person […]
Learn how employment disputes are resolved in Turkey, including mandatory mediation, labour court jurisdiction, reinstatement deadlines, social security disputes, venue rules, and the practical litigation process under Turkish law. Introduction Employment disputes in Turkey are resolved through a system that combines mandatory mediation, specialized labour-court jurisdiction, and, in some categories, preliminary administrative application requirements. The […]
Learn how executive employment contracts work in Turkey, including contract structure, authority clauses, bonus and confidentiality terms, non-compete limits, termination rules, severance issues, and executive liability risks. Introduction Executive employment contracts in Turkey sit at the intersection of labor law, the law of obligations, and, in some cases, company law. That makes them more complex […]
Learn how workplace investigations work in Turkey, including internal procedures, employee interviews, digital evidence, KVKK compliance, disciplinary measures, dismissal risks, and labor-court exposure. Introduction Workplace investigations in Turkey are not governed by one standalone “workplace investigations law.” Instead, internal investigations are built from a combination of Labor Law No. 4857, Law No. 6698 on the […]
Learn the main HR data protection rules in Turkey under KVKK, including lawful bases, employee notices, special-category data, retention, employee monitoring, overseas transfers, VERBIS, and sanctions. Introduction Employee data protection in Turkey is governed mainly by Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data (KVKK), supported by Board decisions, KVKK guidance, the Data Controllers’ […]
Learn when non-compete clauses are valid in Turkey, how Turkish courts limit them, what remedies employers can seek, and when post-employment competition bans become unenforceable. Introduction Non-compete clauses in Turkey are governed primarily not by the Labor Law, but by the Turkish Code of Obligations. The key rules are found in Articles 444 to 447 […]
Introduction Employers in Turkey rarely get into trouble because they ignore labor law entirely. More often, they know the basic rules but apply them too loosely, too late, or too informally. Turkish employment compliance is built on several connected legal regimes, especially Labor Law No. 4857, Law No. 5510 on social security, Law No. 6331 […]
Introduction Social security compliance is one of the core legal duties of employers in Turkey. For most employment-law purposes, the practical focus is on workers insured under Article 4/1-a of Law No. 5510, meaning employees working under a service contract. In that framework, the employer’s obligations do not begin with monthly premium payment alone. They […]