Introduction Hacking crimes in Turkey are no longer limited to highly technical attacks against government databases or corporate servers. Today, unauthorized system access may involve a social media account, an e-mail inbox, a cloud storage folder, a company database, an online banking platform, an e-commerce management panel, a hospital record system, a cryptocurrency wallet, a […]
Introduction Unlawful access to information systems is one of the central offences under Turkish cyber crimes law. In today’s digital environment, personal accounts, corporate servers, e-mail systems, cloud storage, databases, banking applications, customer management platforms, social media profiles and mobile devices all contain valuable information. Unauthorized access to any of these systems may create serious […]
Introduction Turkish Cyber Crimes Law is a rapidly developing area of criminal law, data protection law, internet regulation and corporate compliance. As digital systems become central to banking, e-commerce, public services, healthcare, logistics, communications and social media, cybercrime cases in Turkey are no longer limited to simple hacking allegations. They now involve phishing, ransomware, business […]
Introduction Turkish Cyber Crimes Law has become one of the most important areas of criminal, commercial and regulatory law in Türkiye. As individuals, companies, banks, e-commerce platforms, public institutions and critical infrastructure operators increasingly rely on digital systems, cyber incidents are no longer isolated technical problems. They may trigger criminal investigations, administrative fines, civil liability, […]
Crimes of document forgery constitute a direct attack on the element of “trust” that ensures the functioning of the legal system. In modern legal systems, documents are the most fundamental tools for the creation, transfer, or termination of rights. Therefore, falsifying the content or form of a document damages not only the relationship between individuals […]
The employment of foreign labor in Türkiye has been structured into a modern and selective framework under the International Labor Law No. 6735. While aiming to protect the domestic labor market, the State also seeks to integrate qualified foreigners who contribute to economic development through models like the “Turquoise Card.” 1.1. Types of Work Permits and […]
The foreign nationals’ law regime in Türkiye has gained a structure that is both modern and human rights-oriented, yet strictly protective of the state’s sovereign powers, particularly with the Law on Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP) No. 6458, which came into force in 2013. The most fundamental rule of this regime is the requirement for a […]
A residence permit is a document that foreigners, who intend to stay in Türkiye beyond the duration granted by a visa or visa exemption (generally 90 days), must obtain to maintain their legal status. A residence permit is not merely a right of accommodation; it serves as a fundamental “legal identity” required for a foreigner to exercise […]
Turkish citizenship represents the political and legal bond between the individual and the State. The Turkish Citizenship Law No. 5901 (TVK) bases the establishment of this bond on two main pillars: Citizenship acquired by birth and citizenship acquired later. 1.1. Citizenship Acquired by Birth (Lineage and Place of Birth) The acquisition of Turkish citizenship by birth occurs automatically based on […]
Introduction Responding to a Turkish Competition Authority investigation requires immediate organization, legal precision and strategic discipline. A competition investigation in Turkey can affect a company’s documents, employees, pricing practices, distribution contracts, digital systems, internal communications, management decisions, merger transactions and reputation. The process may begin with an on-site inspection, an information request, a complaint, a […]