Introduction Merchant acquiring in Turkey is a central component of the digital payments ecosystem. Every time a customer pays a merchant by card through a physical POS terminal, virtual POS infrastructure, mobile POS solution, online checkout page, QR payment interface or marketplace payment flow, there is usually an acquiring relationship behind the transaction. The acquiring […]
Introduction Open banking in Turkey is one of the most important legal and technological developments transforming the Turkish financial sector. Traditional banking was historically based on a closed model: banks collected and stored customer data, and customers accessed financial services mainly through the bank’s own branches, internet banking platforms, mobile applications and call centers. Open […]
Introduction Banking fraud in Turkey is one of the most serious legal risks faced by individuals, companies, banks, payment institutions, merchants, investors and financial intermediaries. As banking services move rapidly into digital channels, fraud schemes have become more complex, faster and more difficult to detect. Fraudsters may use phishing links, fake bank websites, SIM swap […]
Introduction Turkish banking litigation covers a wide range of disputes between banks, financial institutions, borrowers, consumers, companies, guarantors, investors, payment service users and third parties. As banking services become more digital, complex and cross-border, disputes involving banks are no longer limited to unpaid loans or ordinary account disagreements. Today, Turkish banking litigation may involve unauthorized […]
Introduction Bank loan defaults in Turkey are among the most significant legal risks faced by companies, individual borrowers, guarantors, shareholders, investors and lenders. A bank loan default may begin with a missed installment, breach of a financial covenant, failure to provide collateral, deterioration of the borrower’s financial position, non-payment of interest, insolvency risk, or violation […]
Introduction Mortgage-backed finance in Turkey is one of the most important secured lending structures used by banks, financial institutions, real estate investors, companies, developers, foreign investors and individual borrowers. A mortgage allows a lender to secure a loan with immovable property, such as land, residential property, commercial premises, hotels, factories, warehouses, development projects or other […]
Introduction Corporate borrowing in Turkey is a central part of business finance. Turkish companies frequently obtain bank loans to finance working capital, inventory, exports, machinery, real estate investments, construction projects, mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, project development and general corporate needs. Bank loans may be short-term, medium-term or long-term; secured or unsecured; Turkish lira-denominated or foreign […]
Introduction Debt restructuring in Turkish banking law is a critical legal and financial tool for companies, borrowers, banks, financial institutions and investors facing liquidity problems, loan defaults, maturity pressure or enforcement risk. In commercial life, a borrower may have a viable business model but may temporarily fail to meet repayment obligations due to exchange rate […]
Introduction Cross-border lending in Turkey is a key financing method for Turkish companies, banks, infrastructure projects, energy investments, real estate developments, acquisition finance transactions, trade finance structures and multinational corporate groups. Foreign banks, international lenders, development finance institutions, export credit agencies, private credit funds and shareholder lenders frequently provide financing to Turkish borrowers through bilateral […]
Introduction Collateral and security interests play a central role in Turkish finance law. In almost every significant credit transaction, lenders seek legal protection beyond the borrower’s personal promise to repay. This protection may take the form of a mortgage over real estate, a pledge over movable assets, a share pledge, a bank account pledge, an […]