Introduction Administrative law is one of the most important legal fields for foreign investors in Turkey. A foreign investor may enter the Turkish market by establishing a company, acquiring shares, opening a branch, purchasing real estate, applying for investment incentives, obtaining licenses, hiring foreign personnel, participating in public tenders, operating in a regulated sector or […]
Introduction Evidence and ex officio investigation in Turkish administrative courts are central features of administrative litigation. Unlike ordinary private law disputes, administrative cases usually involve an imbalance between the individual and the administration. The administration holds the official file, prepares the administrative act, controls internal records, stores inspection reports, possesses technical documents and often has […]
Introduction Administrative silence in Turkey is a critical concept in administrative law. In many legal disputes, the administration does not always issue an express written decision. A person may apply to a municipality, ministry, governorate, tax office, migration authority, university, regulatory body or another public institution and receive no response. If silence had no legal […]
Introduction Appeal and cassation in Turkish administrative litigation are essential legal remedies for parties who wish to challenge judgments rendered by administrative courts, tax courts, regional administrative courts or, in specific cases, the Council of State. Administrative litigation in Turkey covers disputes between individuals, companies or public entities and the administration. These disputes may involve […]
Introduction The Council of State in Turkey, known in Turkish as Danıştay, is one of the highest judicial institutions in the Turkish legal system and the central authority in administrative justice. It plays a decisive role in reviewing administrative disputes, shaping administrative law, ensuring legality in public administration and developing judicial standards for administrative courts […]
Introduction Judicial review of regulatory authority decisions in Turkey is one of the most technical and commercially significant areas of administrative law. Regulatory and supervisory authorities have broad powers over key sectors such as banking, capital markets, competition, energy, public procurement, electronic communications, media, personal data protection, nuclear regulation, insurance, auditing and accounting standards. Their […]
Introduction Public service liability in Turkey is a fundamental part of Turkish administrative law. It determines when individuals, companies, investors, property owners, patients, taxpayers, public employees or other persons may claim compensation from the administration for damage caused by public services, administrative acts, administrative actions or administrative omissions. In modern public law, the administration is […]
Introduction Disciplinary sanctions against civil servants in Turkey are one of the most important areas of Turkish administrative law. Civil servants and other public officials are subject to special duties, obligations and restrictions because they perform public services on behalf of the state. When a public official allegedly violates these duties, the administration may initiate […]
Introduction Residence permit rejections in Turkey are among the most common immigration-law problems faced by foreigners who wish to live, study, invest, work indirectly, receive medical treatment, establish business connections, join family members or remain in Turkey for lawful purposes. A residence permit refusal may affect a foreigner’s legal stay, family unity, education, business plans, […]
Introduction Deportation decisions in Turkey are among the most serious administrative acts affecting foreigners. A deportation decision may result in removal from Turkey, loss of residence rights, separation from family members, disruption of employment, interruption of education, restriction on future entry and, in some cases, administrative detention in a removal center. For this reason, challenging […]