Introduction Legitimate expectation and legal certainty are two of the most important principles in Turkish administrative law. They protect individuals, companies and investors against unpredictable, contradictory, retroactive or unfair changes in administrative practice. These principles are especially important where people organize their lives, investments, careers or legal affairs based on a law, regulation, official decision, […]
Introduction Customs administrative disputes in Turkey are a major legal risk for importers, exporters, logistics companies, customs brokers, manufacturers, e-commerce businesses, foreign investors and international traders. A customs dispute may arise during import, export, transit, temporary admission, inward processing, free zone operations, bonded warehouse transactions, customs valuation, tariff classification, origin determination, anti-dumping measures, additional customs […]
Introduction The right to information and the right of petition in Turkey are essential tools for individuals, companies, foreign residents, investors, lawyers, journalists, civil society organizations and taxpayers who need to communicate with public authorities. These rights allow people to request information, submit complaints, ask for administrative action, seek correction of unlawful conduct, obtain documents, […]
Introduction Social security administrative disputes in Turkey arise from decisions and actions of the Social Security Institution, known in Turkish as Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu or SGK. These disputes may affect employees, employers, retirees, company managers, shareholders, healthcare providers, dependents, widows, orphans, disabled persons, foreign workers and businesses operating in Turkey. SGK decisions can have serious […]
Introduction Police and governorate decisions in Turkey play a central role in maintaining public order, public security, public health and public peace. These decisions may affect individuals, companies, associations, political groups, event organizers, business owners, foreign nationals, students, journalists and civil society organizations. A governorate may ban or postpone a public meeting, restrict entry to […]
Introduction Failure to implement administrative court judgments in Turkey is one of the most serious violations of the rule of law. Administrative courts exist to review the legality of public authority. If a public authority loses a case but refuses, delays, narrows or formally avoids the implementation of the judgment, judicial review becomes ineffective. For […]
Introduction Administrative contracts in Turkey are a key part of Turkish administrative law, especially in areas where public authorities cooperate with private companies to provide public services, infrastructure, energy, transportation, healthcare, ports, airports, highways, utilities and other major public projects. Unlike ordinary private-law contracts, administrative contracts involve the exercise of public authority, the protection of […]
Introduction E-attachment and bank account freezing in Turkey are among the most powerful collection tools used by public authorities. A taxpayer, company, director, shareholder, employer, foreign investor or individual may suddenly discover that bank accounts are blocked, commercial cash flow is interrupted, credit cards are affected, receivables cannot be collected, or company payments cannot be […]
Introduction License cancellation in Turkey is one of the most serious administrative risks for businesses and investors. A license, permit, authorization or operating certificate is often the legal foundation of commercial activity. If it is cancelled, a company may lose the right to operate, generate revenue, continue contracts, employ workers, import or export goods, run […]
Introduction Business closure decisions in Turkey are among the most serious administrative measures that can be imposed on a commercial enterprise. A closure, sealing or shutdown order may immediately stop business operations, prevent customer access, block revenue, damage reputation, interrupt employment relationships, affect supplier contracts and create significant financial loss. For restaurants, cafés, hotels, factories, […]