Introduction Competition law in Turkey plays a critical role in regulating market behavior, preventing anti-competitive practices, and overseeing mergers and acquisitions that may restrict competition. For both domestic and foreign investors, compliance with Turkish competition rules is not optional—it is a fundamental regulatory requirement. The Turkish Competition Authority (TCA) actively enforces merger control rules, investigates […]
Introduction Serving as a director in a Turkish company—particularly in a joint stock company (A.Ş.) or limited liability company (Ltd.)—carries significant legal responsibility. Turkish law imposes strict fiduciary duties and compliance obligations on directors, and failure to fulfill these duties may result in civil compensation claims, criminal prosecution, administrative fines, and tax liability. For foreign […]
Introduction Corporate governance has become a central pillar of Turkish company law, particularly after the enactment of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) No. 6102 and the strengthening of Capital Markets Board (CMB) regulations. Turkish joint stock companies (Anonim Şirket – A.Ş.) are subject to detailed governance rules designed to enhance transparency, accountability, and investor protection. […]
Introduction Shareholders’ agreements play a crucial role in structuring corporate relationships in Turkey, particularly in joint ventures, private equity investments, family businesses, and startup ecosystems. While the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) regulates corporate governance through articles of association, shareholders often prefer to execute a separate contractual arrangement to govern their internal relationship. Under Turkish law, […]
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions in Turkey have played a significant role in shaping the country’s corporate and investment landscape over the past two decades. As a regional hub connecting Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, Turkey attracts both strategic investors and private equity funds seeking growth opportunities across sectors such as energy, finance, manufacturing, technology, […]
Introduction Financial leasing (leasing) has become an important financing tool in Turkey, particularly for companies seeking asset acquisition without immediate capital expenditure. Leasing is widely used in sectors such as construction, manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, aviation, and energy. The Financial Leasing Law in Turkey provides a regulated framework for leasing transactions, ensuring legal certainty for lessors […]
Turkey has become a global hub for innovation and trade, attracting thousands of international entrepreneurs who want to expand their business horizons. With its strategic location and investor-friendly regulations, starting a business in Turkey offers a unique gateway to both European and Middle Eastern markets. However, navigating the legal complexities of the Turkish commercial landscape […]
Gaming IP Law in Turkey: Trademarks, Copyright, Designs & Character Protection In gaming, intellectual property is the product. Your code, art style, character designs, UI, lore, music, and brand identity are not “supporting materials”—they are the assets that drive revenue, valuation, and exit opportunities. If those assets are not protected and contractually controlled, the studio’s […]
Introduction Turkey’s capital markets have developed significantly over the past two decades, driven by regulatory reform, institutionalization of corporate governance standards, and the growing role of Borsa Istanbul as a regional financial hub. Public offerings (IPOs) have become a crucial financing mechanism for Turkish companies seeking capital expansion, visibility, and institutional credibility. The Capital Markets […]
For global entrepreneurs and families seeking a strategic second passport, the Turkish Citizenship by Investment Program has solidified its position as one of the most attractive schemes in the world. As we navigate through 2026, the Turkish government has refined its legal framework to ensure that every investment contributes to the national economy while offering […]