Introduction Turkish banking litigation covers a wide range of disputes between banks, financial institutions, borrowers, consumers, companies, guarantors, investors, payment service users and third parties. As banking services become more digital, complex and cross-border, disputes involving banks are no longer limited to unpaid loans or ordinary account disagreements. Today, Turkish banking litigation may involve unauthorized […]
Introduction Bank loan defaults in Turkey are among the most significant legal risks faced by companies, individual borrowers, guarantors, shareholders, investors and lenders. A bank loan default may begin with a missed installment, breach of a financial covenant, failure to provide collateral, deterioration of the borrower’s financial position, non-payment of interest, insolvency risk, or violation […]
Introduction Mortgage-backed finance in Turkey is one of the most important secured lending structures used by banks, financial institutions, real estate investors, companies, developers, foreign investors and individual borrowers. A mortgage allows a lender to secure a loan with immovable property, such as land, residential property, commercial premises, hotels, factories, warehouses, development projects or other […]
Introduction Corporate borrowing in Turkey is a central part of business finance. Turkish companies frequently obtain bank loans to finance working capital, inventory, exports, machinery, real estate investments, construction projects, mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, project development and general corporate needs. Bank loans may be short-term, medium-term or long-term; secured or unsecured; Turkish lira-denominated or foreign […]
Introduction Debt restructuring in Turkish banking law is a critical legal and financial tool for companies, borrowers, banks, financial institutions and investors facing liquidity problems, loan defaults, maturity pressure or enforcement risk. In commercial life, a borrower may have a viable business model but may temporarily fail to meet repayment obligations due to exchange rate […]
Introduction Bank liability in Turkey for unauthorized transactions and online banking fraud has become one of the most important legal issues in modern banking litigation. As customers increasingly use mobile banking, internet banking, credit cards, virtual POS systems, QR payments, digital wallets and instant money transfers, financial fraud methods have also become more sophisticated. Phishing […]
Introduction Banking confidentiality in Turkey is one of the core principles of Turkish banking law. Banks hold highly sensitive information about individuals, companies, investors, borrowers, depositors and financial institutions. Account balances, loan records, payment transactions, credit limits, debt history, foreign transfers, investment activity, collateral information, customer identity details and even the fact that a person […]
Introduction Foreign currency loans in Turkey are a critical issue for companies, banks, foreign lenders, investors, project sponsors and corporate borrowers. Turkey has a highly active credit market, and many Turkish companies seek financing in currencies such as USD, EUR and GBP because foreign currency borrowing may offer longer maturities, international lender access, export finance […]
Introduction Cross-border lending in Turkey is a key financing method for Turkish companies, banks, infrastructure projects, energy investments, real estate developments, acquisition finance transactions, trade finance structures and multinational corporate groups. Foreign banks, international lenders, development finance institutions, export credit agencies, private credit funds and shareholder lenders frequently provide financing to Turkish borrowers through bilateral […]
Introduction Collateral and security interests play a central role in Turkish finance law. In almost every significant credit transaction, lenders seek legal protection beyond the borrower’s personal promise to repay. This protection may take the form of a mortgage over real estate, a pledge over movable assets, a share pledge, a bank account pledge, an […]