Convertible Instruments in Turkish Law: How Are SAFEs and Convertible Loans Characterised? For foreign investors looking at Turkish start-ups, a recurring question is how “convertible instruments in Turkish law: how are SAFEs and convertible loans characterised?” In other words, when you sign a SAFE-style document or a convertible loan agreement with a Turkish company, are […]
Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements For a foreign VC investing in a Turkish company, “Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements” is not just a theoretical heading – it is the toolbox that determines how much real control and protection the investor has […]
Deadlock (Kilitlenme) Mechanisms: Shoot-out, Russian Roulette, Mediation & Arbitration Solutions in Turkish Joint Ventures For foreign investors entering 50–50 partnerships in Türkiye, deadlock (kilitlenme) mechanisms: shoot-out, Russian roulette, mediation & arbitration çözümleri are essential tools to prevent a promising joint venture from becoming permanently paralysed. In a typical Turkish structure, two shareholders each hold 50% […]
Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)? For foreign VCs investing in Turkish companies, the real negotiation is often about “Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)?” In practice, the question is: how can founders keep enough […]
When an international investor asks “How are liquidation preference, anti-dilution and vesting mechanisms structured under Turkish law?”, the real concern is whether the familiar VC protections from common-law jurisdictions can be safely replicated under Turkish corporate law. The short answer is: they usually can – but only if the deal is carefully engineered through a […]
For foreign investors looking at Turkish tech and digital businesses, “KVKK + GDPR Compliant Start-up: Before VC Investment” is no longer a nice-to-have slide at the end of the data room; it is part of core legal and reputational due diligence. A target that mishandles data, ignores explicit consent requirements or transfers personal data abroad […]
When we talk about “Investing in Crypto & Web3 Startups Under the Shadow of Regulation”, we are really asking one core question: how can foreign investors back Turkish crypto and Web3 ventures without being blindsided by regulation? Turkey is a large, crypto-savvy market with millions of retail users, but it is also moving rapidly towards […]
For international investors, “Crisis Communication and the Law: Reputation Management for VCs in Leaks, Data Breaches and Scandals” is no longer a theoretical topic. A single portfolio company’s leak, harassment scandal or data breach can quickly become a story about the venture capital fund itself, its culture and its governance. Legal exposure, regulatory scrutiny and […]
How Protected Is a VC Really in a Turkish Startup Bankruptcy or Concordato? When foreign investors look at the Turkish ecosystem, the question “how protected is a VC really in a Turkish startup bankruptcy or concordato?” is usually left to the last slide of the deck – until something goes wrong. Turkish law has its […]
IP Due Diligence: Who Really Owns the Start-up’s Intellectual Property? For any foreign investor looking at a Turkish tech or innovation company, one of the first questions in an IP review should be: “IP due diligence: who really owns the start-up’s intellectual property?” The start-up’s core value is usually its software, algorithms, brand, designs and […]