Learn how enforcement proceedings in Turkey work, including execution offices, payment orders, objections, attachment, electronic sales, debtor sale authority, and debt recovery strategy. For many creditors, winning on the merits is only half of the problem. The real business question is whether the debt can actually be collected. In Türkiye, that collection process is handled […]
A practical guide to settlement negotiations in Turkey, covering pre-litigation strategy, mediation, in-court settlement, confidentiality, authority, enforceability, and key procedural risks. Settlement negotiations in Turkey sit at the intersection of contract law, civil procedure, and mediation law. In practice, many disputes in Türkiye are not resolved only by a final judgment after full trial. They […]
A detailed guide to evidence in Turkish civil cases, covering documentary evidence, witnesses, expert reports, burden of proof, unlawful evidence, and practical court strategy under Turkish civil procedure. Evidence in Turkish civil cases is governed mainly by the Code of Civil Procedure No. 6100 (“CCP” or “HMK”). For litigants, businesses, foreign investors, and lawyers dealing […]
Learn how breach of contract claims work in Turkey, including specific performance, damages, default interest, penalty clauses, limitation periods, mediation, and Turkish court practice. Breach of contract claims in Turkey are primarily governed by the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098 (“TCO”), while litigation mechanics such as jurisdiction, venue, evidence, interim measures, and expert review […]
Learn how commercial debt collection works in Turkey, including enforcement proceedings, payment orders, objections, annulment of objection, removal of objection, negative declaratory actions, restitution claims, provisional attachment, and mandatory mediation. Commercial debt collection in Turkey is not limited to filing a lawsuit and waiting for judgment. In practice, creditors in Türkiye usually think in terms […]
Learn how interim injunctions work in Turkey, including legal grounds, ex parte relief, competent courts, security, objections, modification, damages for unjust injunctions, and the role of interim measures in arbitration. Interim injunctions in Turkey are one of the most important emergency tools in civil litigation. They are designed to protect a party before a final […]
An effective dispute resolution strategy in Turkey starts with a simple but essential insight: Turkish dispute resolution is not a single route. Depending on the structure of the dispute, a business may end up in a commercial court, a civil court, a consumer court, a labor court, an enforcement court, a mandatory mediation process, or […]
Building an effective dispute resolution strategy in Turkey starts with a simple but often overlooked point: Turkish dispute resolution is not one single system with one single path. A foreign or local business may face commercial courts, consumer courts, labor courts, enforcement courts, mandatory mediation, international arbitration, foreign judgment recognition proceedings, or foreign arbitral award […]
Foreign investors in Turkey operate in a legal environment that is open to international capital but still highly procedural once a dispute begins. Türkiye’s official investment framework states that the Foreign Direct Investment Law is based on equal treatment, gives international investors the same rights and liabilities as local investors, and applies the same conditions […]
Time limits in Turkish litigation are not a minor procedural detail. In many Turkish cases, the strongest claim or defense can fail simply because the relevant period has expired, the wrong type of deadline was assumed, or a party confused a statute of limitations with a procedural deadline. Turkish law treats these categories differently. Some […]