Pending Criminal Investigations and Citizenship: Disclosure and Proportionality defines how Turkish authorities weigh open investigations when deciding naturalization, marriage-based, or exceptional (investment) citizenship under Law No. 5901. The key is honest disclosure plus a record strong enough to satisfy security/public-order screening without treating mere allegations as guilt. LEGAL FRAMEWORKCitizenship decisions are administrative acts taken after […]
INTRODUCTION Turkish Citizenship by Bank Deposit: Eligibility, CBRT Conversion, and the 3-Year Lock is an exceptional pathway under Turkish law that allows qualified investors to obtain citizenship by committing funds to a Turkish bank subject to strict currency-conversion and holding requirements. In practice, success depends on meeting the statutory threshold, converting foreign currency through the […]
INTRODUCTION Citizenship rights of work permit holders in Turkey are an important legal topic for foreign nationals residing and working in the country. Many foreigners begin their life in Turkey with a short-term or long-term work permit, and over time they become eligible to apply for Turkish citizenship if they meet the conditions set forth […]
Acquiring Turkish citizenship through marriage is a legally recognized path but subject to strict requirements under Law No. 5901. Applicants must be married to a Turkish citizen for at least three years, live together, and prove the marriage is genuine. Many applications are rejected due to early filing, lack of cohabitation proof, or missing documents. This article explains the legal conditions, common mistakes, and practical tips for a successful application.
Introduction One of the most groundbreaking developments in modern biotechnology is the advent of CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. This technique allows for precise, rapid, and cost-effective modification of genetic material in living organisms, unlocking transformative possibilities in areas such as rare genetic diseases, cancer treatments, and agricultural biotechnology. However, the commercialization and clinical use of CRISPR technology have also triggered patent disputes, debates over […]
1. Introduction Clinical trials are essential for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. However, beyond their scientific importance, these trials involve significant legal and ethical responsibilities. The rights of volunteers, the obligations of sponsoring pharmaceutical companies, and the judicial review of ethics committee decisions are among the key issues under Turkish law. […]
1. Introduction With the growing integration of technology in medicine, robotic surgery and autonomous medical systems are transforming patient care. However, these advancements raise complex legal questions—particularly in the event of a malfunction or complication—regarding who bears responsibility. In Turkish law, this area is still developing, and the multi-actor nature of liability requires careful legal examination. 2. What is Robotic […]
1. Introduction Mega projects—typically found in sectors like energy, infrastructure, construction, and technology—are large-scale, complex undertakings involving multiple stakeholders. In such projects, effective contract management is crucial to ensuring project success. Moreover, given the international nature of many of these projects, arbitration has become a preferred method for resolving disputes efficiently and fairly. 2. Importance […]
1. Introduction: The Need for Regulation in the Crypto Ecosystem Cryptocurrency exchanges—whether centralized or decentralized—facilitate the trading of digital assets. Although Turkey ranks among the countries with the highest rates of crypto adoption, for many years it operated without a clear, comprehensive legal framework governing these platforms. Due to concerns such as investor protection, anti-money […]
Regulation of Digital Currencies: Central Bank Digital Currencies and Legal Challenges 1. Introduction: The Rise of Digital Currency and the Legal Need With the growing global popularity of crypto assets and the transformative impact of technology on financial infrastructures, central banks around the world have begun exploring the concept of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). These […]