Introduction Over the last two decades, Turkey has become a regional magnet for large-scale industrial, energy, infrastructure, and technology investments. Its strategic position between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, combined with a growing domestic market of over 85 million people, provides fertile ground for both local and foreign investors seeking long-term opportunities. The Turkish […]
1. Why Mega and Mixed-Use Projects Matter in Turkey Turkey’s big cities have moved from small, stand-alone apartment blocks to integrated mega projects that combine housing, retail, offices, hotels and social facilities in one coordinated scheme. These developments often include: For investors, mega real estate and mixed-use projects in Turkey offer: At the same time, […]
1. Why the Choice of Company Type Matters for Foreign Investors Many foreign investors initially believe that company type is a purely “formal” question. In practice, the choice between a limited or joint stock company in Turkey affects at least five critical areas: Looking only at initial incorporation cost can be misleading. The real impact […]
1. Introduction: Why Choice of Law and Jurisdiction Clauses Matter in Turkey Cross-border business with Turkish companies is no longer an exception; it is the norm. Foreign investors routinely sign distribution, agency, franchise, share purchase, supply, construction and service contracts with Turkish counterparties. When a dispute arises, two deceptively simple questions suddenly become crucial: If […]
1. Why buy company shares in Turkey? Acquiring shares in an existing Turkish company (rather than establishing a new entity) is often chosen because: On the other hand, the buyer also takes over the history and hidden risks of the company: tax exposures, social security debts, litigation, regulatory non-compliance, and even criminal risks in some […]
1. Why Enforcement in Turkey Matters International trade, migration, investment and digital commerce mean that disputes are no longer confined to one country. A company may litigate in London or arbitrate in Dubai, but the losing party’s assets may ultimately be found in Turkey. In that scenario, the winning party quickly discovers a crucial truth […]
Technoparks, R&D and Other State Incentives in Turkey: Real Value and Risks for Investors For many foreign investors, Turkey’s Teknopark, R&D and other state incentives look like a free boost to valuation: tax breaks, grants and social security discounts that extend runway and improve margins. But from an investor’s perspective, the right question is not […]
Convertible Instruments in Turkish Law: How Are SAFEs and Convertible Loans Characterised? For foreign investors looking at Turkish start-ups, a recurring question is how “convertible instruments in Turkish law: how are SAFEs and convertible loans characterised?” In other words, when you sign a SAFE-style document or a convertible loan agreement with a Turkish company, are […]
Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements For a foreign VC investing in a Turkish company, “Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements” is not just a theoretical heading – it is the toolbox that determines how much real control and protection the investor has […]
Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)? For foreign VCs investing in Turkish companies, the real negotiation is often about “Founder Control vs. Investor Protection: How to Strike the Balance Under the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK)?” In practice, the question is: how can founders keep enough […]