Introduction Legitimate expectation and legal certainty are two of the most important principles in Turkish administrative law. They protect individuals, companies and investors against unpredictable, contradictory, retroactive or unfair changes in administrative practice. These principles are especially important where people organize their lives, investments, careers or legal affairs based on a law, regulation, official decision, […]
Introduction Business closure decisions in Turkey are among the most serious administrative measures that can be imposed on a commercial enterprise. A closure, sealing or shutdown order may immediately stop business operations, prevent customer access, block revenue, damage reputation, interrupt employment relationships, affect supplier contracts and create significant financial loss. For restaurants, cafés, hotels, factories, […]
Introduction Environmental administrative decisions in Turkey are among the most important areas of Turkish administrative law. They affect industrial facilities, mining projects, energy investments, infrastructure works, ports, waste management facilities, wastewater discharge systems, tourism projects, construction investments, municipalities, local communities, NGOs, property owners and investors. A single environmental decision may determine whether a project can […]
Introduction Public hospital malpractice claims in Turkey are legally different from ordinary private hospital malpractice disputes. When a patient is harmed because of medical negligence, delayed diagnosis, surgical error, medication mistake, lack of monitoring, emergency service failure, infection control problem or insufficient informed consent in a public hospital, the claim is generally evaluated under Turkish […]
Introduction Administrative law is one of the most important legal fields for foreign investors in Turkey. A foreign investor may enter the Turkish market by establishing a company, acquiring shares, opening a branch, purchasing real estate, applying for investment incentives, obtaining licenses, hiring foreign personnel, participating in public tenders, operating in a regulated sector or […]
Introduction Public service liability in Turkey is a fundamental part of Turkish administrative law. It determines when individuals, companies, investors, property owners, patients, taxpayers, public employees or other persons may claim compensation from the administration for damage caused by public services, administrative acts, administrative actions or administrative omissions. In modern public law, the administration is […]
Introduction Disciplinary sanctions against civil servants in Turkey are one of the most important areas of Turkish administrative law. Civil servants and other public officials are subject to special duties, obligations and restrictions because they perform public services on behalf of the state. When a public official allegedly violates these duties, the administration may initiate […]
Introduction Deportation decisions in Turkey are among the most serious administrative acts affecting foreigners. A deportation decision may result in removal from Turkey, loss of residence rights, separation from family members, disruption of employment, interruption of education, restriction on future entry and, in some cases, administrative detention in a removal center. For this reason, challenging […]
Introduction Administrative fines in Turkey are among the most common forms of public-law sanctions imposed by state authorities, municipalities, regulatory bodies and other public institutions. Unlike criminal fines, which are imposed by criminal courts as a result of a criminal conviction, administrative fines are imposed directly by administrative authorities for violations defined by law as […]
Introduction Deadlines in administrative litigation in Turkey are among the most critical issues in public law disputes. A person or company may have a strong legal argument against an unlawful administrative decision, but if the lawsuit is filed after the statutory deadline, the court may reject the case without examining the merits. For this reason, […]