Introduction Portfolio management companies in Turkey are regulated capital market institutions authorized by the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye, known as the CMB in English and SPK in Turkish. These companies play a central role in the Turkish capital market ecosystem because they establish and manage investment funds, manage collective investment portfolios, provide individual portfolio […]
Introduction Venture Capital Investment Trusts in Turkey, known in Turkish as Girişim Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklıkları or GSYO, are regulated capital market institutions designed to invest primarily in venture capital investments. Although the English expression “Venture Capital Investment Trust” is frequently used for international readers and SEO purposes, the Turkish legal structure is not a common-law […]
Introduction Crowdfunding regulation in Turkey under Capital Markets Law has become an important part of the Turkish startup, fintech and capital market ecosystem. Crowdfunding allows entrepreneurs and early-stage companies to raise funds from a broad investor base through licensed electronic platforms. In Turkish capital market law, the regulated model covers mainly equity-based crowdfunding and debt-based […]
Introduction Unauthorized capital market activities in Turkey are among the most serious violations under Turkish Capital Market Law. Capital market activities such as brokerage, investment advice, portfolio management, order transmission, custody, public offering intermediation, leveraged transactions and certain crypto asset services cannot be provided freely by any person or company. These activities require authorization from […]
Introduction Capital market crimes in Turkey are regulated mainly under Capital Markets Law No. 6362, supported by secondary regulations of the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye, known as the CMB in English and SPK in Turkish. These crimes are designed to protect market integrity, investor confidence, fair price formation, transparent public disclosure and the proper […]
Introduction Independent audit requirements in Turkish capital markets are one of the main legal mechanisms protecting investors, shareholders, creditors and market confidence. Public companies, listed companies, investment institutions, collective investment schemes and other capital market participants prepare financial statements that directly affect investor decisions. If those financial statements are unreliable, incomplete or misleading, capital markets […]
Introduction Related-party transactions in Turkish public companies are one of the most sensitive areas of Turkish capital market law. In a publicly held company, transactions between the company and its controlling shareholders, group companies, subsidiaries, board members, executives or other related persons may create serious conflicts of interest. Such transactions may be commercially legitimate, but […]
Introduction Mergers and demergers of public companies in Turkey are among the most complex transactions under Turkish Capital Market Law. A merger or demerger may change the legal structure, shareholding composition, asset base, liabilities, corporate control, market value and investor expectations of a public company. For this reason, Turkish law regulates these transactions through a […]
Introduction Share buyback regulations in Turkey under CMB rules are an important part of Turkish capital market law. A share buyback, also known as a share repurchase, occurs when a public company purchases its own shares directly or through its subsidiary. In Turkish practice, this is generally called “pay geri alımı” or “geri alınan paylar”. […]
Introduction Dividend distribution rules for public companies in Turkey are an important part of Turkish Capital Market Law. Dividends directly affect shareholder return, investor expectations, company valuation, corporate governance and market confidence. For this reason, public companies in Turkey cannot distribute profits freely without considering the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye rules, the Turkish Commercial […]