Introduction Subscription contracts in Turkey are a major part of modern consumer law. Consumers regularly enter into subscription-based relationships for internet services, mobile phone lines, digital streaming platforms, online newspapers, gyms, private security systems, software services, cloud storage, television broadcasting, electricity, natural gas, water, online education, and other continuous or periodic services. These contracts may […]
Introduction Unfair contract terms in Turkish Consumer Law are one of the most important protections granted to consumers against powerful sellers, suppliers, banks, insurance companies, online platforms, private schools, hospitals, gyms, subscription providers, telecom companies, travel agencies, and other commercial actors. In modern commercial life, consumers rarely negotiate contract terms one by one. Instead, they […]
Introduction Distance sales contracts in Turkey are one of the most important parts of Turkish Consumer Law, especially because online shopping, mobile applications, digital marketplaces, social media sales, and remote service platforms have become part of daily commercial life. Consumers now buy clothing, electronics, furniture, cosmetics, digital subscriptions, travel services, household goods, and many other […]
Introduction Defective services in Turkey are one of the most frequent causes of consumer disputes. A consumer may pay for a private medical treatment, vehicle repair, renovation work, education service, tourism package, internet subscription, beauty procedure, transportation service, or technical maintenance service and later discover that the service was incomplete, delayed, poorly performed, misleadingly advertised, […]
Introduction to Turkish Consumer Law Turkish Consumer Law is one of the most important areas of private law in Turkey because it directly regulates the relationship between consumers, sellers, suppliers, manufacturers, importers, banks, insurance companies, online platforms, service providers, and other commercial actors. In a modern economy where consumers frequently purchase goods and services online, […]
Introduction Appeals in Turkish personal injury cases are a critical part of compensation litigation. A first-instance judgment may contain errors in fault assessment, disability calculation, actuarial computation, moral damages, evidence evaluation, limitation analysis, procedural law, expert reports, insurance liability, or the scope of compensation. For an injured claimant, an insufficient judgment may fail to reflect […]
Introduction Settlement agreements in Turkish personal injury cases can be useful, fast, and cost-effective when they are prepared correctly. An injured person may settle a claim after a traffic accident, workplace accident, medical malpractice incident, hotel injury, school accident, product injury, assault, dog bite, swimming pool accident, public transportation accident, or other personal injury event. […]
Introduction Personal injury claims against public authorities in Turkey arise when a person suffers bodily injury, permanent disability, psychological harm, financial loss, or death because of the acts, omissions, negligence, defective services, or unsafe conditions connected to a public administration. These claims may involve municipalities, ministries, public hospitals, public schools, police or gendarmerie services, road […]
Introduction Assault-related personal injury compensation claims in Turkey arise when a person suffers bodily injury, psychological trauma, permanent disability, loss of earnings, medical expenses, scarring, loss of working capacity, or death because of an intentional physical attack. These cases may involve street assaults, fights, domestic violence, bar or nightclub attacks, workplace violence, school violence, sports-related […]
Introduction Road defect and municipality liability claims in Turkey are compensation claims arising from injuries, deaths, or property damage caused by unsafe roads, defective sidewalks, potholes, broken pavements, missing warning signs, poor lighting, unsafe roadworks, defective drainage covers, unmarked excavations, damaged pedestrian crossings, unsafe bicycle lanes, and other infrastructure failures. These claims may involve municipalities, […]