Introduction Turkish banking litigation covers a wide range of disputes between banks, financial institutions, borrowers, consumers, companies, guarantors, investors, payment service users and third parties. As banking services become more digital, complex and cross-border, disputes involving banks are no longer limited to unpaid loans or ordinary account disagreements. Today, Turkish banking litigation may involve unauthorized […]
Introduction Bank loan defaults in Turkey are among the most significant legal risks faced by companies, individual borrowers, guarantors, shareholders, investors and lenders. A bank loan default may begin with a missed installment, breach of a financial covenant, failure to provide collateral, deterioration of the borrower’s financial position, non-payment of interest, insolvency risk, or violation […]
Introduction Mortgage-backed finance in Turkey is one of the most important secured lending structures used by banks, financial institutions, real estate investors, companies, developers, foreign investors and individual borrowers. A mortgage allows a lender to secure a loan with immovable property, such as land, residential property, commercial premises, hotels, factories, warehouses, development projects or other […]
Introduction Debt restructuring in Turkish banking law is a critical legal and financial tool for companies, borrowers, banks, financial institutions and investors facing liquidity problems, loan defaults, maturity pressure or enforcement risk. In commercial life, a borrower may have a viable business model but may temporarily fail to meet repayment obligations due to exchange rate […]
Introduction Cross-border lending in Turkey is a key financing method for Turkish companies, banks, infrastructure projects, energy investments, real estate developments, acquisition finance transactions, trade finance structures and multinational corporate groups. Foreign banks, international lenders, development finance institutions, export credit agencies, private credit funds and shareholder lenders frequently provide financing to Turkish borrowers through bilateral […]
Introduction Factoring and receivables financing in Turkey are important financial tools used by companies that need liquidity before the maturity of their trade receivables. In commercial life, businesses often sell goods or provide services on deferred payment terms. Although the company has issued invoices and generated receivables, it may need immediate cash to pay suppliers, […]
Introduction Financial leasing is one of the most important financing methods used by companies, investors, manufacturers, logistics businesses, construction companies, healthcare operators, aviation companies, real estate users and industrial enterprises in Turkey. Instead of purchasing an asset directly with equity or a conventional loan, a business may obtain the right to use an asset through […]
Introduction Legitimate expectation and legal certainty are two of the most important principles in Turkish administrative law. They protect individuals, companies and investors against unpredictable, contradictory, retroactive or unfair changes in administrative practice. These principles are especially important where people organize their lives, investments, careers or legal affairs based on a law, regulation, official decision, […]
Introduction Police and governorate decisions in Turkey play a central role in maintaining public order, public security, public health and public peace. These decisions may affect individuals, companies, associations, political groups, event organizers, business owners, foreign nationals, students, journalists and civil society organizations. A governorate may ban or postpone a public meeting, restrict entry to […]
Introduction Failure to implement administrative court judgments in Turkey is one of the most serious violations of the rule of law. Administrative courts exist to review the legality of public authority. If a public authority loses a case but refuses, delays, narrows or formally avoids the implementation of the judgment, judicial review becomes ineffective. For […]