Franchise and Distribution Agreements in Turkey: Legal Risks and Protections Doing business in Turkey through a local partner can be very attractive. The market is young, dynamic and strongly connected to both Europe and the Middle East. However, using franchise or distribution models without a solid contract can easily lead to disputes, loss of reputation […]
Double taxation is not just a theoretical concern in textbooks; it is a real economic risk that can significantly reduce the net return of foreign investments. It arises because different countries exercise their taxing powers based on residence and source, sometimes simultaneously, and because domestic rules are not automatically aligned.
Handled correctly, Turkish tax law does not have to be a trap – it can be a competitive advantage that increases your net return instead of eroding it.
Definition, Legal Nature, and Turkish Supreme Court Practice I. Introduction Maritime trade, an inherently international and high-risk sector carrying a significant portion of global trade volume, relies heavily on the charterparty (contract of carriage by sea) as one of its fundamental agreements. In the Turkish Commercial Code (Law No. 6102, “TCC”), maritime trade is regulated […]
When a foreign creditor starts court or enforcement proceedings in Turkey, it is common for the Turkish debtor to respond with a jurisdiction objection such as: “Turkish courts are not competent, our contract sends disputes to a foreign court / mediation / arbitration.” This does not automatically kill your case, but it changes the strategy. […]
. Introduction Turkey has emerged as one of the most dynamic real-estate markets in the region. Its rapidly growing population, tourism potential, and strategic location between Europe, Asia and the Middle East create a unique magnet for property investors. For foreign buyers, Turkish real estate is not merely an asset class—it is a gateway to […]
Turkey has become a strategic hub for international capital, positioned at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Foreign direct investment flows into sectors such as real estate, energy, infrastructure, technology, logistics, manufacturing and financial services. However, the legal and regulatory environment is complex, dynamic and highly formalistic. For this reason, international investors […]
1. Introduction Project finance has been one of the driving forces behind Turkey’s infrastructure and energy development for the last three decades. From highways and airports to renewable power plants and public hospitals, Turkey has relied heavily on structured project financing to attract both local and international capital. In contrast to corporate lending, project finance […]
Introduction Over the last two decades, Turkey has become a regional magnet for large-scale industrial, energy, infrastructure, and technology investments. Its strategic position between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, combined with a growing domestic market of over 85 million people, provides fertile ground for both local and foreign investors seeking long-term opportunities. The Turkish […]
1. Why Mega and Mixed-Use Projects Matter in Turkey Turkey’s big cities have moved from small, stand-alone apartment blocks to integrated mega projects that combine housing, retail, offices, hotels and social facilities in one coordinated scheme. These developments often include: For investors, mega real estate and mixed-use projects in Turkey offer: At the same time, […]