Introduction Product safety and recall obligations are essential components of consumer protection in Turkey. A consumer does not only expect a product to work properly; the consumer also expects the product to be safe. A toy should not contain harmful substances, an electrical product should not create fire risk, a cosmetic product should not endanger […]
Introduction Foreign consumers in Turkey are protected by Turkish Consumer Law when they enter into consumer transactions with sellers, suppliers, service providers, online platforms, private hospitals, travel agencies, real estate developers, vehicle dealers, hotels, digital service providers, or other commercial actors operating in Turkey. A foreign national who buys a product in Istanbul, receives private […]
Introduction Package tour and travel consumer rights in Turkey are an important part of Turkish Consumer Law. Travel is usually purchased with trust: the consumer pays in advance, relies on brochures, online advertisements, agency explanations, hotel descriptions, flight schedules, tour programs, guide services, transfer promises, and images of destinations. If the tour is cancelled, changed, […]
Introduction Consumer credit agreements in Turkey are one of the most important areas of Turkish Consumer Law because they directly affect the financial position of individuals who borrow money from banks and other credit providers. A consumer may use a personal loan to meet urgent expenses, finance education, purchase a vehicle, pay medical costs, consolidate […]
Introduction Subscription contracts in Turkey are a major part of modern consumer law. Consumers regularly enter into subscription-based relationships for internet services, mobile phone lines, digital streaming platforms, online newspapers, gyms, private security systems, software services, cloud storage, television broadcasting, electricity, natural gas, water, online education, and other continuous or periodic services. These contracts may […]
Introduction Misleading advertising and unfair commercial practices are among the most important issues under Turkish Consumer Law. In modern commercial life, consumers make purchasing decisions based on advertisements, online product descriptions, social media promotions, influencer recommendations, discount campaigns, price comparisons, search engine ads, marketplace rankings, customer reviews, product labels, and commercial messages. If these communications […]
Introduction Warranty rights in Turkey are a major part of consumer protection law. When a consumer buys a product such as a mobile phone, refrigerator, washing machine, television, computer, vehicle, furniture, air conditioner, medical device, household appliance, or electronic product, the consumer expects the product to work properly for a reasonable period. If the product […]
Introduction Consumer Courts in Turkey play a central role in resolving disputes between consumers and commercial actors such as sellers, suppliers, service providers, banks, insurance companies, online platforms, private schools, private hospitals, travel agencies, vehicle dealers, repair services, and subscription-based businesses. While many lower-value disputes are handled by Consumer Arbitration Committees, higher-value or more complex […]
Introduction Consumer Arbitration Committees in Turkey are one of the most practical and accessible legal mechanisms for resolving consumer disputes. In everyday life, consumers may face problems with defective goods, defective services, online purchases, warranty claims, subscription cancellations, refund delays, misleading advertisements, hidden fees, or unfair contract terms. Instead of directly filing a lawsuit for […]
Introduction E-commerce consumer protection in Turkey has become one of the most important areas of commercial and consumer law. Online sellers now reach customers through websites, mobile applications, online marketplaces, social media accounts, messaging applications, digital catalogues, and subscription-based platforms. This growth creates major business opportunities, but it also brings strict legal responsibilities. In Turkey, […]