1. Why the Choice of Company Type Matters for Foreign Investors Many foreign investors initially believe that company type is a purely “formal” question. In practice, the choice between a limited or joint stock company in Turkey affects at least five critical areas: Looking only at initial incorporation cost can be misleading. The real impact […]
1. Why buy company shares in Turkey? Acquiring shares in an existing Turkish company (rather than establishing a new entity) is often chosen because: On the other hand, the buyer also takes over the history and hidden risks of the company: tax exposures, social security debts, litigation, regulatory non-compliance, and even criminal risks in some […]
1. Introduction: Why Foreign Defendants Need to Understand Turkish Criminal Procedure Turkey is a transit and destination country for tourism, trade, investments and migration. Every year millions of foreign nationals enter Turkey for business, holidays, education or long-term residence. This intense international mobility also means that foreign nationals may occasionally become involved in criminal investigations […]
Tax Residency and Double Taxation in Turkey: “Will I Pay Tax on My Worldwide Income?” If you are a digital nomad, long-stay visitor or retiree in Turkey, the key question is simple: once you become a Turkish tax resident, you are generally taxed on your worldwide income – unless a double tax treaty says otherwise. […]
Foreign arbitral awards are an integral part of international commerce, and Turkey has developed a relatively clear and arbitration-friendly framework for their recognition and enforcement. That framework is built on a combination of international conventions and domestic legislation, primarily the 1958 New York Convention and Law No. 5718 on Private International and Procedural Law (“PILPL”). […]
When we talk about “Investing in Crypto & Web3 Startups Under the Shadow of Regulation”, we are really asking one core question: how can foreign investors back Turkish crypto and Web3 ventures without being blindsided by regulation? Turkey is a large, crypto-savvy market with millions of retail users, but it is also moving rapidly towards […]
Cap Table Hygiene in Turkey from a VC’s Perspective: Which Structures Drive Investors Crazy? When we talk about cap table hygiene in Turkey from a VC’s perspective, we are really talking about one simple question: can an investor clearly understand who owns what, on what terms, and with which future dilution risks? For foreign founders […]
1. Legal Framework: How Turkish Citizenship Is Regulated Turkish citizenship is not a purely political term; it is a legal status that defines the relationship between an individual and the Republic of Türkiye. The basic rules about who is considered a Turkish citizen, how citizenship is acquired, and under what conditions it can be lost […]
This practical guide explains how foreign investors can execute an international/intercity transport company acquisition (M&A) in Turkey. It covers deal structuring (share vs. asset deals), licensing and change-of-control issues, operational and regulatory due diligence, labor and data compliance, tax and e-documents, as well as transaction documents, closing mechanics, and post-closing integration. The phrase “international/intercity transport […]
Administrative and Judicial Review Timeline in Citizenship Refusals in Turkey is critical because deadlines and sequencing determine whether a refusal can be overturned or must be re-filed from scratch. Missing even one period can bar review, so counsel should map the route on day one. LEGAL FRAMEWORKRefusals in Turkish citizenship matters (whether general, marriage-based, exceptional, […]