Learn how sales contracts work under Turkish law, including formation, seller and buyer obligations, passing of risk, defective goods, eviction liability, consumer sales protections, immovable sales, and key legal remedies. Introduction Sales contracts in Turkey are primarily governed by the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098. The Code treats the sale contract as one of […]
Learn how service agreements work under Turkish law, including formation, employee and employer obligations, fixed-term and indefinite-term contracts, termination, transfer of workplace, confidentiality, and non-compete clauses. Introduction Service agreements under Turkish law are most closely associated with the service contract regulated in the Turkish Code of Obligations. Under Article 393, a service contract is a […]
Learn how distance selling contracts and e-commerce rules work in Turkey, including pre-contract information duties, withdrawal rights, delivery rules, refund obligations, electronic marketing consent, platform liability, and consumer dispute resolution. Introduction Distance selling contracts and e-commerce rules in Turkey are mainly shaped by three layers of law: the Law on Consumer Protection No. 6502, the […]
Learn how non-compete clauses work under Turkish contract law, including validity requirements, written form, scope limits, employee loyalty, post-termination restrictions, penalties, unfair competition, and drafting risks in Turkey. Introduction Non-compete clauses in Turkish contract law are most clearly regulated in the employment context. The Turkish Code of Obligations draws a sharp line between the employee’s […]
Learn how guarantee agreements and suretyship work under Turkish law, including form requirements, spouse consent, maximum liability, ordinary and joint suretyship, commercial implications, and the distinction between independent guarantees and suretyship. Introduction Guarantee agreements and suretyship in Turkey sit at the center of commercial risk allocation. Lenders, suppliers, landlords, lessors, employers, and investors often want […]
Learn how assumption of debt works under Turkish law, including internal assumption, external assumption, creditor consent, defenses, collateral, nullity, business transfers, and the distinction between debt assumption and contract assignment. Introduction Assumption of debt under Turkish law is mainly regulated in the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098. It is one of the core mechanisms […]
Learn how assignment of receivables and transfer of contractual rights work under Turkish law, including written form, debtor defenses, notification, ancillary rights, warranties, debt assumption, and contract assignment under the Turkish Code of Obligations. Introduction Assignment of receivables and transfer of contractual rights in Turkey are governed mainly by the Turkish Code of Obligations No. […]
Learn how pre-contractual liability works in Turkey, including negotiations, bad faith, culpa in contrahendo, disclosure duties, confidentiality, reliance loss, and the legal consequences of misleading conduct before a contract is signed. Introduction Pre-contractual liability in Turkey concerns legal responsibility arising during the negotiation phase, before a final contract is concluded. Turkish law does not regulate […]
Learn how pre-contractual liability works in Turkey, including negotiations, bad faith, culpa in contrahendo, disclosure duties, confidentiality, reliance loss, and the legal consequences of misleading or abusive conduct before a contract is signed. Introduction Pre-contractual liability in Turkey refers to legal responsibility arising during the negotiation stage, before a final contract is concluded. Turkish law […]
Learn how mistake, fraud, and duress affect contract validity under Turkish law, including essential mistake, deceptive conduct, intimidation, ratification, damages, and the distinction between void and voidable contracts in Turkey. Introduction Mistake, fraud, and duress in Turkish contract law are among the most important grounds on which a party may challenge the binding force of […]