Property-Related Crimes Against Foreigners Living in Türkiye and Their Legal Status Türkiye hosts millions of foreign nationals every year due to its geographical location, economic dynamics, touristic appeal, and the quality of life it offers. Individuals with residence permits, persons under international protection, students, investors, and tourists are a natural part of daily life in […]
exual Offences Against Sexual Integrity and the General Framework Under the Turkish Penal Code In the Turkish legal system, individuals’ bodily integrity, sexual freedom, and freedom of will are among the most fundamental personal values protected under the Constitution. The offences against sexual integrity, regulated as the sixth chapter under the section titled “Offences Against […]
orture Crime: Scope, Legal Framework and Legal Remedies for Turkish Citizens Torture is recognized in international law and within the framework of the Turkish Penal Code as one of the most serious, disgraceful, and absolutely unacceptable types of crimes committed against humanity. This act does not only target an individual’s physical integrity but directly violates […]
Basic Definitions, Scope and Equivalent Provisions under the Turkish Penal Code For Turkish Citizens Within the systematics of the Turkish Penal Code (TCK), “Crimes Against Bodily Integrity” refer to the most common types of crimes that protect a person’s physical integrity, physical health, and psychological balance. The issues most frequently searched by Turkish citizens under […]
Basic Definitions, Scope, and Legal Framework Crimes Against Life Under the Turkish Penal Code (For Turkish Citizens) Within the structure of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC), “Crimes Against Life” refer to the most serious types of criminal offenses that protect an individual’s most fundamental and inviolable right: the right to life. Among the issues most […]
Basic Definitions, Scope, and Legal Framework (For Turkish Citizens) International crimes are among the gravest offenses recognized under international law because they threaten not only the legal order of the country where they are committed but also the conscience of humanity, international peace, and global security. These crimes transcend national borders and are considered offenses […]
Rental Agreement for Foreigners in Turkey Turkey has become one of the most attractive destinations for expatriates, international students, digital nomads, investors, and professionals seeking a new place to live. Cities such as Istanbul, Antalya, Ankara, Izmir, Bursa, and Mersin welcome thousands of foreign residents every year. One of the first legal steps after arriving […]
International arbitration clauses are frequently inserted into commercial agreements involving Turkish companies, foreign investors, contractors, suppliers, shareholders, distributors and financial institutions. A properly drafted arbitration clause can provide a neutral, efficient and internationally enforceable dispute-resolution framework. A poorly drafted clause can produce the opposite result. Ambiguous or incomplete arbitration wording may lead to jurisdictional objections, […]
Confidentiality and data protection have become essential components of international arbitration proceedings connected with Turkey. Commercial arbitrations frequently involve sensitive material such as financial records, customer information, employee files, technical designs, medical documents, pricing formulas, trade secrets, internal investigations, banking data, personal correspondence and commercially valuable digital records. The arbitration may also involve participants located […]
Evidence, Witnesses and Expert Reports in Turkish Arbitration Evidence is often the decisive element in Turkish arbitration proceedings. A party may have a commercially justified claim, but it will not succeed merely by alleging that the other party breached the contract. The claimant must establish the facts supporting its claim, while the respondent must prove […]