Introduction Establishing a bank in Turkey is a highly regulated legal process that requires careful planning, strong capital structure, transparent ownership, qualified management, regulatory compliance and approval from the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, commonly known as the BRSA or BDDK. Unlike ordinary commercial companies, banks cannot be incorporated and immediately begin operations. Banking is […]
Introduction Banking regulation in Turkey is a highly structured and strictly supervised legal field. Banks are not treated as ordinary commercial companies under Turkish law. They collect deposits and participation funds, grant loans, process payments, issue guarantees, manage customer assets, participate in capital markets and play a central role in financial stability. For this reason, […]
Introduction Turkish Banking Law is one of the most important pillars of Turkey’s financial and commercial legal system. Banks are not ordinary commercial companies. They collect deposits, provide loans, process payments, issue guarantees, manage risks, participate in capital market transactions, and act as key intermediaries between individuals, businesses, investors and the broader economy. For this […]
Introduction to Turkish Banking & Finance Law Turkish Banking & Finance Law is one of the most strategically important areas of Turkish commercial law. Turkey has a large, dynamic and highly regulated financial system that connects domestic banking, international trade, project finance, capital markets, fintech, payment services, digital banking, participation banking, foreign exchange transactions and […]
Introduction Customs administrative disputes in Turkey are a major legal risk for importers, exporters, logistics companies, customs brokers, manufacturers, e-commerce businesses, foreign investors and international traders. A customs dispute may arise during import, export, transit, temporary admission, inward processing, free zone operations, bonded warehouse transactions, customs valuation, tariff classification, origin determination, anti-dumping measures, additional customs […]
Introduction The right to information and the right of petition in Turkey are essential tools for individuals, companies, foreign residents, investors, lawyers, journalists, civil society organizations and taxpayers who need to communicate with public authorities. These rights allow people to request information, submit complaints, ask for administrative action, seek correction of unlawful conduct, obtain documents, […]
Introduction Social security administrative disputes in Turkey arise from decisions and actions of the Social Security Institution, known in Turkish as Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu or SGK. These disputes may affect employees, employers, retirees, company managers, shareholders, healthcare providers, dependents, widows, orphans, disabled persons, foreign workers and businesses operating in Turkey. SGK decisions can have serious […]
Introduction Police and governorate decisions in Turkey play a central role in maintaining public order, public security, public health and public peace. These decisions may affect individuals, companies, associations, political groups, event organizers, business owners, foreign nationals, students, journalists and civil society organizations. A governorate may ban or postpone a public meeting, restrict entry to […]
Introduction Failure to implement administrative court judgments in Turkey is one of the most serious violations of the rule of law. Administrative courts exist to review the legality of public authority. If a public authority loses a case but refuses, delays, narrows or formally avoids the implementation of the judgment, judicial review becomes ineffective. For […]
Introduction Administrative contracts in Turkey are a key part of Turkish administrative law, especially in areas where public authorities cooperate with private companies to provide public services, infrastructure, energy, transportation, healthcare, ports, airports, highways, utilities and other major public projects. Unlike ordinary private-law contracts, administrative contracts involve the exercise of public authority, the protection of […]