Introduction Processing special categories of personal data in Turkey is one of the most sensitive and legally demanding areas of Turkish data protection law. Businesses, employers, hospitals, clinics, insurance companies, financial institutions, schools, technology companies, human resources departments, and foreign investors operating in Turkey may process sensitive data without fully understanding the legal consequences. Under […]
Introduction Explicit consent is one of the most discussed concepts under Turkish Personal Data Protection Law. Many companies operating in Turkey assume that every personal data processing activity requires consent. Others treat consent as a simple checkbox, a standard clause in a contract, or a general approval hidden inside terms and conditions. Both approaches may […]
Introduction Cross-border data transfers have become one of the most important compliance issues under Turkish Personal Data Protection Law. Companies operating in Turkey frequently use foreign cloud servers, international software providers, global CRM systems, HR platforms, payment processors, analytics tools, customer support systems, cyber security tools, and group company databases located outside Türkiye. Each of […]
Introduction Foreign companies doing business in Turkey increasingly face one critical legal question: Does Turkish Personal Data Protection Law apply to our operations? In many cases, the answer may be yes. A foreign company may not have a large office in Turkey, but it may still collect personal data from Turkish customers, employ staff in […]
Introduction Turkish Personal Data Protection Law has become one of the most important compliance areas for companies operating in Turkey or processing personal data relating to individuals in Turkey. As digital business models, e-commerce platforms, mobile applications, cloud services, HR systems, customer databases, healthcare technologies, fintech services, artificial intelligence tools, and international data transfers continue […]
Introduction Athlete retirement is not simply the end of a sporting career. It is a major legal, financial and personal transition. Professional athletes often retire earlier than people in other professions, sometimes because of age, injury, non-selection, contract expiry, burnout, family reasons or loss of market demand. A career that begins with intense public attention […]
Introduction Sports antitrust and competition law has become one of the most important legal fields in the global sports industry. Professional sport is built on cooperation and competition at the same time. Clubs must cooperate to organize leagues, calendars, rules, refereeing, broadcasting, licensing and disciplinary systems. Yet those same clubs also compete for players, coaches, […]
Introduction Artificial intelligence is transforming the sports industry. Clubs, federations, leagues, academies, broadcasters, sponsors, betting operators and technology companies now use AI systems to analyze player performance, predict injury risk, identify talent, optimize training, evaluate tactical decisions, monitor workload, personalize fan experiences, automate scouting and support referee or officiating tools. AI in sport is no […]
Introduction Collective bargaining is one of the most important legal mechanisms in professional sports. Modern sport is not only entertainment; it is a labor market. Athletes work under contracts, follow league rules, generate commercial value, accept physical risk, travel extensively, comply with disciplinary systems and often have short career spans. Because individual athletes may have […]
Introduction Sports franchise and club ownership disputes are among the most complex issues in modern sports law. A sports club is not an ordinary commercial company. It is a competitive institution, a regulated participant in a league, a public-facing brand, an employer, a community symbol, a media asset and, in many cases, a highly valuable […]