Introduction Separation of powers is one of the central principles of Turkish constitutional law. It determines how public authority is distributed among the legislative, executive and judicial branches, and it prevents the concentration of state power in a single institution. In the Turkish legal system, separation of powers is closely connected to constitutional supremacy, rule […]
Introduction Fundamental rights and freedoms are at the heart of Turkish constitutional law. They define the legal status of individuals against the State, limit the exercise of public power and provide a constitutional framework for justice, dignity, equality and liberty. In Türkiye, fundamental rights are not merely abstract political values. They are binding constitutional guarantees […]
Introduction Individual application to the Turkish Constitutional Court is one of the most important legal remedies in the Turkish constitutional system. It allows individuals and, in certain circumstances, legal persons to apply directly to the Constitutional Court when they claim that a public authority has violated their fundamental rights and freedoms. This mechanism has transformed […]
Introduction The Constitutional Court of Türkiye is one of the most important institutions in the Turkish legal system. Its primary role is to protect the supremacy of the Constitution, review the constitutionality of legal norms, safeguard fundamental rights and freedoms, and ensure that public power remains within constitutional limits. In this respect, the Court is […]
Introduction Turkish constitutional law forms the legal and political foundation of the Republic of Türkiye. It regulates the organization of the State, defines the powers of legislative, executive and judicial bodies, protects fundamental rights and freedoms, and establishes the constitutional identity of the Republic. For individuals, companies, investors, public authorities and legal practitioners, understanding Turkish […]
Introduction Digital forensics in Turkish cybercrime cases is one of the most decisive areas of modern criminal litigation. Cybercrime files rarely depend only on witness statements or physical evidence. They often depend on mobile phone extractions, computer images, IP logs, cloud records, social media data, e-mail headers, bank transaction records, server logs, screenshots, metadata, deleted […]
Introduction Cybersecurity compliance for Turkish companies is no longer a purely technical issue handled only by IT departments. It is a legal, operational, regulatory and corporate governance obligation. A single cyber incident may lead to personal data breach notifications, criminal complaints, civil compensation claims, contractual disputes, regulatory investigations, reputational damage, business interruption and loss of […]
Introduction The illegal use of personal images online in Turkey has become a serious legal problem in the digital age. A person’s photograph, video, profile image, private picture, intimate image, workplace photo, family photo, identity document image or social media content may be copied, edited, published, shared, sold, used in fake accounts, attached to defamatory […]
Introduction Cybercrime in e-commerce in Turkey has become a major legal risk for online sellers, marketplaces, payment institutions, consumers, logistics providers and digital platforms. As online shopping grows, criminals increasingly use fake orders, stolen card data, phishing pages, fake delivery messages, account takeover, chargeback abuse, refund fraud, business e-mail compromise, fake marketplace stores and personal […]
Introduction Cloud data breaches in Turkey are now among the most important legal risks for companies, public institutions, healthcare providers, e-commerce platforms, fintech businesses, law firms, educational institutions, software companies and digital service providers. As organizations move customer records, employee files, contracts, invoices, medical records, user databases, source code, backups and business documents to cloud […]