Learn what venture capital law is, how VC transactions work, and which legal issues startups and investors must address in funding rounds, governance, dilution, exits, and compliance. Introduction Venture capital law is one of the most important legal areas for startups, founders, angel investors, venture capital funds, and growth-focused companies. It governs the legal structure […]
Learn how venture capital law shapes startup fundraising, investor rights, term sheets, due diligence, governance, dilution, exits, and cross-border transactions. Introduction Venture capital law sits at the intersection of corporate law, contract law, securities regulation, employment law, intellectual property law, tax planning, and dispute management. For founders, it determines how capital can be raised without […]
Investor entry and exit strategies in Turkish private companies depend on company type, share-transfer rules, capital increases, contractual rights, merger tools, and judicial remedies. This guide explains how investors enter and exit Turkish private JSCs and LLCs under Turkish law. Introduction Investor entry and exit strategies in Turkish private companies are shaped mainly by the […]
Parent company liability and corporate veil issues in Turkish subsidiaries are governed by separate legal personality, group-company rules, creditor protections, and specific control-based liability provisions. This guide explains when a parent company is not liable, when it may become liable, and how Turkish law treats dominant–subsidiary relationships. Introduction Parent company liability and corporate veil issues […]
Profit distribution rules in Turkish joint stock and limited liability companies are governed mainly by the Turkish Commercial Code. This guide explains who decides on dividends, which profits may be distributed, how legal reserves work, how interim dividends are handled, and what shareholder protections apply under Turkish law. Introduction Profit distribution rules in Turkish joint […]
Company representation and signatory authority under Turkish law determine who can bind a company, how representation may be delegated, when limits are valid against third parties, and which registration and signature formalities must be completed. This guide explains representation rules for Turkish joint stock companies, limited liability companies, and foreign company branches. Introduction Company representation […]
Board resolutions and general assembly procedures in Turkey are governed by the Turkish Commercial Code and related Ministry regulations. This guide explains how board meetings, written board decisions, shareholder meetings, quorum rules, agenda rules, minority rights, electronic participation, and challenge actions work in Turkish joint stock and limited liability companies. Introduction Board resolutions and general […]
Pre-emptive rights and shareholder protection in Turkish companies are central to Turkish corporate law. This guide explains how pre-emptive rights work in joint stock companies and limited liability companies, when they may be restricted, and which legal remedies protect shareholders and partners under Turkish law. Introduction Pre-emptive rights and shareholder protection in Turkish companies sit […]
Capital increases and capital decreases under Turkish company law affect financing, governance, creditor protection, and registration. This guide explains how Turkish joint stock companies and limited liability companies can increase or reduce capital, which approvals are needed, how pre-emptive rights work, and what procedural risks companies must avoid. Introduction Capital increases and capital decreases under […]
Corporate governance duties of directors in Turkish companies include care, loyalty, proper representation, oversight of finance and risk, conflict management, and liability for breach. This guide explains board duties in Turkish joint stock companies and manager duties in limited liability companies under Turkish law. Introduction The phrase corporate governance duties of directors in Turkish companies […]