Introduction Factoring and receivables financing in Turkey are important financial tools used by companies that need liquidity before the maturity of their trade receivables. In commercial life, businesses often sell goods or provide services on deferred payment terms. Although the company has issued invoices and generated receivables, it may need immediate cash to pay suppliers, […]
Introduction Financial leasing is one of the most important financing methods used by companies, investors, manufacturers, logistics businesses, construction companies, healthcare operators, aviation companies, real estate users and industrial enterprises in Turkey. Instead of purchasing an asset directly with equity or a conventional loan, a business may obtain the right to use an asset through […]
Introduction Bank guarantees in Turkey are among the most important security instruments used in commercial transactions, construction contracts, public tenders, lease agreements, project finance, international trade, distribution agreements, supply contracts and infrastructure projects. A Turkish bank guarantee, commonly known as a letter of guarantee or banka teminat mektubu, allows a beneficiary to secure payment or […]
Introduction Electronic money institutions in Turkey have become one of the most important parts of the country’s fintech and digital finance ecosystem. As digital wallets, prepaid payment products, mobile applications, online platforms, marketplace payment models and embedded finance solutions continue to expand, electronic money has become a practical alternative to traditional cash and card-based payment […]
Introduction Legitimate expectation and legal certainty are two of the most important principles in Turkish administrative law. They protect individuals, companies and investors against unpredictable, contradictory, retroactive or unfair changes in administrative practice. These principles are especially important where people organize their lives, investments, careers or legal affairs based on a law, regulation, official decision, […]
Introduction Business closure decisions in Turkey are among the most serious administrative measures that can be imposed on a commercial enterprise. A closure, sealing or shutdown order may immediately stop business operations, prevent customer access, block revenue, damage reputation, interrupt employment relationships, affect supplier contracts and create significant financial loss. For restaurants, cafés, hotels, factories, […]
Introduction Environmental administrative decisions in Turkey are among the most important areas of Turkish administrative law. They affect industrial facilities, mining projects, energy investments, infrastructure works, ports, waste management facilities, wastewater discharge systems, tourism projects, construction investments, municipalities, local communities, NGOs, property owners and investors. A single environmental decision may determine whether a project can […]
Introduction Public hospital malpractice claims in Turkey are legally different from ordinary private hospital malpractice disputes. When a patient is harmed because of medical negligence, delayed diagnosis, surgical error, medication mistake, lack of monitoring, emergency service failure, infection control problem or insufficient informed consent in a public hospital, the claim is generally evaluated under Turkish […]
Introduction Administrative law is one of the most important legal fields for foreign investors in Turkey. A foreign investor may enter the Turkish market by establishing a company, acquiring shares, opening a branch, purchasing real estate, applying for investment incentives, obtaining licenses, hiring foreign personnel, participating in public tenders, operating in a regulated sector or […]
Introduction Public service liability in Turkey is a fundamental part of Turkish administrative law. It determines when individuals, companies, investors, property owners, patients, taxpayers, public employees or other persons may claim compensation from the administration for damage caused by public services, administrative acts, administrative actions or administrative omissions. In modern public law, the administration is […]