Introduction The Data Privacy in the Turkish Legal System is founded on constitutional guarantees and codified primarily in the Law on the Protection of Personal Data (KVKK, No. 6698). This framework ensures that personal data is processed lawfully, fairly, and transparently. For businesses, professionals, and foreigners operating in Turkey, compliance with the rules of data […]
Introduction The Turkish Procedural Law (Türk Usul Hukuku) provides the framework for how courts in Turkey hear cases, evaluate evidence, and deliver judgments. It is the backbone of judicial practice, ensuring fairness, efficiency, and legal certainty. The two main branches of procedural law are: For foreigners doing business, investing, or living in Turkey, understanding Turkish […]
Introduction The Turkish Property Law (Türk Eşya Hukuku) forms one of the core parts of the Turkish Civil Code (TMK). It regulates rights over property, both movable and immovable, and provides the framework for ownership, possession, limited rights in rem, and land registration. For foreigners investing in Turkey—whether in real estate, business, or construction—understanding the […]
Introduction The Turkish Commercial Law (Türk Ticaret Hukuku) regulates the legal framework for commercial activities in Turkey. Codified in the Turkish Commercial Code (Türk Ticaret Kanunu – TTK, No. 6102), it provides the rules governing merchants, companies, commercial transactions, negotiable instruments, maritime law, and insurance. For foreign investors, entrepreneurs, and businesses operating in Turkey, understanding […]
Introduction The Turkish Administrative Law (Türk İdare Hukuku) governs the organization, powers, and actions of the public administration in Turkey. It sets the legal framework for how ministries, municipalities, regulatory bodies, and other administrative authorities interact with individuals and businesses. For foreigners, understanding the Turkish Administrative Law is particularly important, as it affects daily life […]
Introduction The Turkish Constitutional Law (Türk Anayasa Hukuku) is the backbone of the legal and political system in Turkey. It is codified in the 1982 Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), which has been amended multiple times, most recently with significant reforms in 2010 and 2017. For both Turkish citizens and foreigners […]
Introduction The Turkish Family Law (Türk Aile Hukuku) is a core part of the Turkish Civil Code (Türk Medeni Kanunu – TMK, No. 4721). It regulates marriage, divorce, property regimes, custody, parental authority, and guardianship. These provisions are not only important for Turkish citizens but also for foreigners who live in Turkey, marry Turkish citizens, […]
Introduction The Turkish Law of Persons (Türk Kişiler Hukuku) constitutes the foundation of private law in Turkey, governing the legal status of both individuals and legal entities. Codified in the Turkish Civil Code No. 4721 (Türk Medeni Kanunu – TMK), the Law of Persons regulates the beginning and end of legal personality, capacity to act, […]
Introduction The Turkish Criminal Law (Türk Ceza Hukuku) is primarily codified in the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 (Türk Ceza Kanunu – TCK), which came into force in 2005. Its General Provisions (Genel Hükümler) set out the core rules that apply to all crimes and punishments. These provisions are the backbone of the criminal justice […]
Introduction The Turkish Law of Obligations (Türk Borçlar Kanunu – TBK) is the foundation of private law in Turkey, setting the rules for how contracts are formed, how obligations are fulfilled, and what happens when they are breached. For foreigners engaging in contracts, investments, or even day-to-day transactions in Turkey, understanding the basic framework of […]