Participation, aiding, and joint criminal liability in Turkey are among the most important topics in Turkish criminal law because many criminal cases do not involve a single actor operating alone. Business crimes, violent incidents, organized conduct, fraud files, customs cases, digital crimes, and even ordinary street offenses often raise the same central question: who is […]
Attempted crimes under the Turkish Penal Code occupy a central place in Turkish criminal law because they address a recurring legal problem: what happens when a person clearly starts to commit a crime, but the crime is not completed? Turkish law does not treat every failed criminal plan the same way. It does not punish […]
Intent, negligence, and criminal liability in Turkey form the backbone of Turkish criminal law because they determine not only whether an act is punishable, but also how the legal system classifies blame, assigns responsibility, and measures punishment. In Turkish criminal adjudication, it is never enough to show that a harmful event happened. The court must […]
Self-defense under Turkish criminal law is one of the most important justification doctrines in the Turkish Penal Code because it can completely remove criminal liability when the statutory conditions are met. In practice, self-defense is often raised in homicide, injury, threat, weapon, home-intrusion, and group-violence files, but the doctrine is not limited to one offense […]
Criminal defense for smuggling allegations in Turkey begins with a point that is often missed in practice: a “smuggling case” is not a single generic accusation. In Türkiye, customs-related criminal exposure sits at the intersection of the Anti-Smuggling Law No. 5607, the Customs Law No. 4458, and the Code of Criminal Procedure No. 5271, while […]
Drug offense defense in Turkish criminal courts starts with a rule that is easy to say but difficult to apply well: not every drug file is the same offense. Turkish law separates trafficking-type conduct from personal-use conduct, and it also creates neighboring offenses for facilitating use and special rules for effective remorse and treatment-oriented diversion. […]
Criminal defense in assault and injury cases under Turkish law begins with a basic but crucial point: Turkish criminal law does not usually analyze these files under a broad, free-floating concept of “assault” in the common-law sense. In practice, the core statutory framework is built around offenses against bodily integrity, especially intentional injury under Articles […]
Fraud prosecutions in Turkey are rarely simple. Even where the file looks like an ordinary “deception for gain” case, the real dispute is often more complex: Was there a criminal fraud or only a failed commercial transaction? Was the complainant actually deceived, or did the parties knowingly take contractual risk? Is the case one of […]
Absolute grounds of unlawfulness in Turkish criminal appeals are among the most important doctrines in Turkish criminal procedure because they identify errors so serious that the law treats them as outcome-affecting without requiring the appellant to prove actual prejudice in the ordinary way. In the language of the Code of Criminal Procedure, these are the […]
Court of Cassation review in criminal cases in Turkey refers to temyiz review before Yargıtay, the country’s court of cassation for ordinary criminal matters. In the current institutional structure, Yargıtay operates through criminal chambers, and the official Yargıtay website states that it currently has 22 criminal chambers, with chambers sitting with one chamber president and […]