Handled correctly, Turkish tax law does not have to be a trap – it can be a competitive advantage that increases your net return instead of eroding it.
1. Introduction: Cross-Border E-Commerce and the Turkish Market Turkey has become a strategic market for cross-border e-commerce. A large, young population, widespread use of smartphones and a culture that is very active on social media platforms make Turkey an attractive destination for foreign brands that want to sell online without opening physical shops in the […]
1. Legal Framework Applicable to Foreign-Flag Vessels 1.1 Key pieces of Turkish legislation Foreign-flag vessels trading to Turkey must be analysed primarily against four domestic pillars: These rules apply regardless of the flag or chosen contract law. Even where the bill of lading is subject to English law and London arbitration, mandatory Turkish provisions can […]
1. Legal Nature of a Branch Office in Turkey 1.1. Branch vs. Company: Not a Separate Legal Entity Under Turkish law, a branch is an extension of a foreign company operating in Turkey, but not a separate legal entity. It has: However, the foreign company remains fully liable for the branch’s obligations. The branch does […]
1. Legal Framework for Foreign Investment in Turkey Before choosing a specific sector, investors need a basic understanding of the general legal regime governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey. 1.1 Non-discrimination and freedom of investment Foreign investment in Turkey is primarily regulated by the Foreign Direct Investment Law No. 4875 and its secondary legislation. […]
Introduction Over the last two decades, Turkey has become a regional magnet for large-scale industrial, energy, infrastructure, and technology investments. Its strategic position between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, combined with a growing domestic market of over 85 million people, provides fertile ground for both local and foreign investors seeking long-term opportunities. The Turkish […]
1. Legal Landscape for Foreign Investors in Turkey 1.1 Equal treatment principle Turkish legislation is based on the principle that, except for limited and clearly defined sectors, foreign investors must be treated in the same way as local investors. This means that: This equal treatment principle is one of the main reasons foreign investors feel […]
1. Why Enforcement in Turkey Matters International trade, migration, investment and digital commerce mean that disputes are no longer confined to one country. A company may litigate in London or arbitrate in Dubai, but the losing party’s assets may ultimately be found in Turkey. In that scenario, the winning party quickly discovers a crucial truth […]