Convertible Instruments in Turkish Law: How Are SAFEs and Convertible Loans Characterised? For foreign investors looking at Turkish start-ups, a recurring question is how “convertible instruments in Turkish law: how are SAFEs and convertible loans characterised?” In other words, when you sign a SAFE-style document or a convertible loan agreement with a Turkish company, are […]
Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements For a foreign VC investing in a Turkish company, “Post-Investment Governance and Veto Rights: Board Structure, General Assembly and Shareholders’ Agreements” is not just a theoretical heading – it is the toolbox that determines how much real control and protection the investor has […]
When an international investor asks “How are liquidation preference, anti-dilution and vesting mechanisms structured under Turkish law?”, the real concern is whether the familiar VC protections from common-law jurisdictions can be safely replicated under Turkish corporate law. The short answer is: they usually can – but only if the deal is carefully engineered through a […]
For foreign investors looking at Turkish tech and digital businesses, “KVKK + GDPR Compliant Start-up: Before VC Investment” is no longer a nice-to-have slide at the end of the data room; it is part of core legal and reputational due diligence. A target that mishandles data, ignores explicit consent requirements or transfers personal data abroad […]
When we talk about “Investing in Crypto & Web3 Startups Under the Shadow of Regulation”, we are really asking one core question: how can foreign investors back Turkish crypto and Web3 ventures without being blindsided by regulation? Turkey is a large, crypto-savvy market with millions of retail users, but it is also moving rapidly towards […]
For international investors, “Crisis Communication and the Law: Reputation Management for VCs in Leaks, Data Breaches and Scandals” is no longer a theoretical topic. A single portfolio company’s leak, harassment scandal or data breach can quickly become a story about the venture capital fund itself, its culture and its governance. Legal exposure, regulatory scrutiny and […]
How Protected Is a VC Really in a Turkish Startup Bankruptcy or Concordato? When foreign investors look at the Turkish ecosystem, the question “how protected is a VC really in a Turkish startup bankruptcy or concordato?” is usually left to the last slide of the deck – until something goes wrong. Turkish law has its […]
Cap Table Hygiene in Turkey from a VC’s Perspective: Which Structures Drive Investors Crazy? When we talk about cap table hygiene in Turkey from a VC’s perspective, we are really talking about one simple question: can an investor clearly understand who owns what, on what terms, and with which future dilution risks? For foreign founders […]
1. Introduction: Why Divorce Matters for Citizenship Acquired Through Marriage Turkish law allows a foreign spouse to acquire Turkish citizenship through marriage with a Turkish citizen, provided that certain material and procedural conditions are satisfied. In practice, this is one of the most commonly used naturalization routes for foreigners who build their family and social […]
Entering or scaling a technology business in Türkiye requires contract architecture that preserves IP value while enabling commercial execution. The recurring friction points for foreign investors cluster around license scope, open-source software (OSS) compliance, service-level agreements (SLAs), and source-code access/escrow. This note sets out a practitioner-oriented playbook and highlights drafting techniques—most notably present assignment of […]