The investigation phase in Turkish criminal procedure is the first formal stage of the criminal process and one of the most decisive. Under the Code of Criminal Procedure, the “investigation” begins when the competent authorities learn of a suspicion of crime and continues until the indictment is accepted; once the indictment is accepted, the prosecution […]
A criminal investigation in Turkey does not begin only when someone is arrested or when a prosecutor files an indictment. Under Turkish criminal procedure, the investigation phase starts much earlier, at the moment the public prosecutor learns of a fact pattern that creates the impression a crime may have been committed. That early threshold matters […]
Digital evidence and mobile phone examinations in Turkey have become one of the most important issues in modern criminal procedure because a single device can contain messages, photographs, account information, application data, contact networks, location traces, business records, and intensely private communications. In Turkish criminal law, that makes a phone examination more than a technical […]
The rights of suspects and defendants under Turkish criminal procedure form the core of a fair criminal justice system in Türkiye. These rights are not limited to what happens in open court after an indictment is filed. They begin at the first moment of criminal suspicion, continue during apprehension, custody, interrogation, and detention review, and […]
Turkish Criminal Defense Law is the body of constitutional rules, statutory guarantees, procedural rights, and courtroom safeguards that protect a suspect or defendant against unlawful investigation, unfair prosecution, and wrongful conviction in Türkiye. It operates through the Constitution, the Turkish Penal Code, and most importantly the Code of Criminal Procedure, which regulates how criminal investigations […]
Turkish Criminal Defense Law is not only about what happens in a courtroom after an indictment is filed. In reality, the defense begins much earlier: at the first police contact, during arrest or detention, at the first statement, during forensic collection, and while the prosecution is still deciding whether there is enough evidence to pursue […]
A detailed guide to nursing negligence and hospital liability in Turkey, covering patient rights, nurse duties, public and private hospital claims, evidence, compensation, and limitation periods. Nursing Negligence and Hospital Liability in Turkey Nursing negligence and hospital liability in Turkey occupy a central place in medical liability law because modern healthcare is not delivered by […]
Learn the limitation periods in Turkish medical malpractice claims, including private and public hospital deadlines, tort and contract-based claims, consumer law, administrative procedure, and practical filing risks. Limitation periods in Turkish medical malpractice claims are one of the most important and most dangerous parts of Turkish health litigation. A patient may have a strong malpractice […]
Learn whether foreign patients can sue for medical malpractice in Turkey, including jurisdiction, applicable law, public vs private hospital claims, health tourism rules, damages, deadlines, and enforcement. Yes. Foreign patients can sue for medical malpractice in Turkey. Turkish law does not reserve malpractice claims to Turkish citizens, and the structure of Turkey’s private international law […]
Desertion and abandonment in Turkish divorce cases are governed mainly by Article 164 of the Turkish Civil Code. Learn the legal conditions, notice procedure, time requirements, burden of proof, interim measures, custody, alimony, compensation, and key practical issues under Turkish law. Introduction Desertion and abandonment in Turkish divorce cases is one of the most technical […]