Introduction Foreign consumers in Turkey are protected by Turkish Consumer Law when they enter into consumer transactions with sellers, suppliers, service providers, online platforms, private hospitals, travel agencies, real estate developers, vehicle dealers, hotels, digital service providers, or other commercial actors operating in Turkey. A foreign national who buys a product in Istanbul, receives private […]
Introduction Price transparency is one of the most important principles of Turkish Consumer Law. A consumer must know the real price of a product or service before deciding to buy it. If a business hides fees, uses unclear labels, changes the price at the cashier, fails to display service charges, presents misleading discounts, or adds […]
Introduction Subscription contracts in Turkey are a major part of modern consumer law. Consumers regularly enter into subscription-based relationships for internet services, mobile phone lines, digital streaming platforms, online newspapers, gyms, private security systems, software services, cloud storage, television broadcasting, electricity, natural gas, water, online education, and other continuous or periodic services. These contracts may […]
Introduction Unfair contract terms in Turkish Consumer Law are one of the most important protections granted to consumers against powerful sellers, suppliers, banks, insurance companies, online platforms, private schools, hospitals, gyms, subscription providers, telecom companies, travel agencies, and other commercial actors. In modern commercial life, consumers rarely negotiate contract terms one by one. Instead, they […]
Introduction Distance sales contracts in Turkey are one of the most important parts of Turkish Consumer Law, especially because online shopping, mobile applications, digital marketplaces, social media sales, and remote service platforms have become part of daily commercial life. Consumers now buy clothing, electronics, furniture, cosmetics, digital subscriptions, travel services, household goods, and many other […]
Introduction Defective services in Turkey are one of the most frequent causes of consumer disputes. A consumer may pay for a private medical treatment, vehicle repair, renovation work, education service, tourism package, internet subscription, beauty procedure, transportation service, or technical maintenance service and later discover that the service was incomplete, delayed, poorly performed, misleadingly advertised, […]
Introduction to Turkish Consumer Law Turkish Consumer Law is one of the most important areas of private law in Turkey because it directly regulates the relationship between consumers, sellers, suppliers, manufacturers, importers, banks, insurance companies, online platforms, service providers, and other commercial actors. In a modern economy where consumers frequently purchase goods and services online, […]
Introduction Appeals in Turkish personal injury cases are a critical part of compensation litigation. A first-instance judgment may contain errors in fault assessment, disability calculation, actuarial computation, moral damages, evidence evaluation, limitation analysis, procedural law, expert reports, insurance liability, or the scope of compensation. For an injured claimant, an insufficient judgment may fail to reflect […]
Introduction Settlement agreements in Turkish personal injury cases can be useful, fast, and cost-effective when they are prepared correctly. An injured person may settle a claim after a traffic accident, workplace accident, medical malpractice incident, hotel injury, school accident, product injury, assault, dog bite, swimming pool accident, public transportation accident, or other personal injury event. […]
Introduction Personal injury claims against public authorities in Turkey arise when a person suffers bodily injury, permanent disability, psychological harm, financial loss, or death because of the acts, omissions, negligence, defective services, or unsafe conditions connected to a public administration. These claims may involve municipalities, ministries, public hospitals, public schools, police or gendarmerie services, road […]