Trademark Opposition for Likelihood of Confusion in Türkiye: How to Resolve It Lawfully One of the most frequent disputes in trademark registration is an opposition based on likelihood of confusion—that is, a prior trademark owner objects to your application on the ground that consumers may believe your mark and goods/services originate from the same undertaking. […]
Contract Management and Disputes (Sale, Service, Supply): A Practical Guide for Foreign Parties in Turkey Foreign businesses trading with Turkish counterparties often find that contract management and disputes in sale, service, and supply relationships turn on a handful of recurring pressure points: INCOTERMS mismatches, price adjustment (FX indexation), delivery and defect liability (including latent defects), […]
1) The Big Picture: Residence versus Work Authorization Think of your status in Türkiye as two layered permissions: A work permit usually serves two functions at once: it authorizes the specific work relationship and functions as a residence permit for the same period. That is why foreign shareholders who will actively manage the business should […]
1) Introduction: Why this guide matters for foreign employees Foreign employees—whether they are skilled professionals, blue-collar workers, seafarers, or site technicians—form a critical part of Turkey’s workforce. When a work accident occurs, they face two parallel challenges: (i) navigating Turkey’s social security and occupational safety framework, and (ii) overcoming language and immigration barriers that can […]
This practical note explains how foreign investors can structure fleet investment and a fleet leasing/operator model (leasing, sale-leaseback) in Turkey. It focuses on corporate setup, licensing for road transport, leasing mechanics (financial vs operational), sale-leaseback execution, collateral and insurance, tax/e-document obligations, data protection, and risk allocation in contracts. The expression “fleet investment and fleet leasing/operator […]
New Transport Company in Turkey: Legal Guide for Foreign Founders This note explains, in practical terms, how a foreign investor can establish a new transport company in Turkey (“new transport company in Turkey”) and obtain the operational licenses required to move goods by road. It focuses on company formation, sector-specific permits (Karayolu Taşıma mevzuatı), labor […]
Investing in Turkey’s Pharmaceutical Sector: A Practical Legal Brief for Foreign Investors Turkey offers a sizable, fast-growing pharmaceutical market with EU-aligned rules in many areas—and some very local nuances. Below is a concise, practitioner-oriented roadmap covering entry structures, licensing, pricing/reimbursement, compliance, IP/data, competition, and incentives. 1) Market entry & corporate structuringForeign investors may establish or […]
Legalization Pathways for Foreign Documents: Apostille vs. Consular, Frequent Errors is central to smooth Turkish citizenship filings and civil-registry work: authorities will only accept foreign documents that are validly legalized and intelligible in Turkish. Getting the pathway wrong (apostille vs. consular) or the sequence wrong (legalization → translation → notarization) is a common—and avoidable—reason for […]
Pending Criminal Investigations and Citizenship: Disclosure and Proportionality defines how Turkish authorities weigh open investigations when deciding naturalization, marriage-based, or exceptional (investment) citizenship under Law No. 5901. The key is honest disclosure plus a record strong enough to satisfy security/public-order screening without treating mere allegations as guilt. LEGAL FRAMEWORKCitizenship decisions are administrative acts taken after […]
SPK Valuation Audits in Real-Estate Citizenship: Discrepancies and Appeals surface whenever the appraisal report used for Turkish citizenship by real estate conflicts with registry, payment, or eligibility data. Under the investment route, the property (or properties) must satisfy the statutory USD 400,000 threshold, bear a three-year no-sale annotation, and align with an appraisal prepared by […]