Learn how assignment of receivables and transfer of contractual rights work under Turkish law, including written form, debtor defenses, notification, ancillary rights, warranties, debt assumption, and contract assignment under the Turkish Code of Obligations. Introduction Assignment of receivables and transfer of contractual rights in Turkey are governed mainly by the Turkish Code of Obligations No. […]
Learn how pre-contractual liability works in Turkey, including negotiations, bad faith, culpa in contrahendo, disclosure duties, confidentiality, reliance loss, and the legal consequences of misleading conduct before a contract is signed. Introduction Pre-contractual liability in Turkey concerns legal responsibility arising during the negotiation phase, before a final contract is concluded. Turkish law does not regulate […]
Learn how pre-contractual liability works in Turkey, including negotiations, bad faith, culpa in contrahendo, disclosure duties, confidentiality, reliance loss, and the legal consequences of misleading or abusive conduct before a contract is signed. Introduction Pre-contractual liability in Turkey refers to legal responsibility arising during the negotiation stage, before a final contract is concluded. Turkish law […]
Learn how mistake, fraud, and duress affect contract validity under Turkish law, including essential mistake, deceptive conduct, intimidation, ratification, damages, and the distinction between void and voidable contracts in Turkey. Introduction Mistake, fraud, and duress in Turkish contract law are among the most important grounds on which a party may challenge the binding force of […]
Learn how invalidity of contracts works in Turkey, including absolute nullity, voidability, defects of consent, legal capacity, form requirements, partial invalidity, gross disparity, and unfair terms under Turkish law. Introduction Invalidity of contracts in Turkey is one of the most important subjects in Turkish private law because a signed document does not always produce the […]
Learn how contract interpretation works under Turkish law, including real and common intention, the good faith principle, standard terms, sham transactions, evidentiary rules, and practical drafting lessons under the Turkish Civil Code and Turkish Code of Obligations. Introduction Contract interpretation under Turkish law is built on a principle that is both simple and powerful: a […]
Learn how the good faith principle works in Turkish contract law, including honest conduct, abuse of rights, contract interpretation, pre-contractual behavior, standard terms, hardship, consumer contracts, and practical drafting consequences under Turkish law. Introduction The good faith principle in Turkish contract law is not a secondary or decorative idea. It is one of the foundational […]
Learn how Turkish law treats unfair terms in standard form contracts, including general transaction conditions, incorporation control, interpretation rules, unilateral amendment clauses, consumer protection, and the legal consequences of unfair terms in Turkey. Introduction Unfair terms in standard form contracts in Turkey are regulated through a two-layer system. The first layer is the general regime […]
Learn how termination of contracts works under Turkish law, including rescission, termination with notice, immediate termination for just cause, hardship, lease termination, service contracts, consumer withdrawal rights, and the legal consequences of ending a contract in Turkey. Introduction Termination of contracts under Turkish law is not governed by a single, simple rule. Turkish law uses […]
Learn how electronic signatures and digital contracts work in Turkey, including secure electronic signatures, written form requirements, clickwrap agreements, e-commerce compliance, consumer distance contracts, and enforceability risks under Turkish law. Introduction Electronic signatures and digital contracts in Turkey are no longer niche issues reserved for technology companies. They are now part of ordinary commercial life. […]