One of the most important issues in private international law is determining which state’s courts have jurisdiction over disputes involving a foreign element. Today, due to people living in different countries, the rapid growth of international trade, cross-border activities of companies, and increasing legal relationships between individuals of different nationalities, it has become very common […]
One of the most important issues in private international law is determining which legal rules apply to disputes involving a foreign element. Today, due to the development of international trade, the increasing number of people living abroad, marriages between individuals of different nationalities, and the rise of cross-border legal relationships, it has become very common […]
One of the primary objectives of private international law is to determine which national legal system should apply to disputes involving a foreign element and to ensure the orderly functioning of cross-border legal relations. However, in some cases, the foreign law that should normally be applied may conflict with the fundamental values of the Turkish […]
One of the most important issues in private international law is determining which national law applies to a dispute involving a foreign element. Today, due to increasing cross-border movement of people, the globalization of trade, international marriages, and expanding commercial relations between different countries, it has become very common for a single legal dispute to […]
In the practice of private international law, two of the most frequently encountered concepts are “recognition” and “enforcement.” These institutions play a crucial role in ensuring that foreign court judgments can produce legal effects in Turkey. With the increasing number of international marriages, cross-border litigation, and global commercial relationships, recognition and enforcement actions have become […]
Introduction Islamic finance in Turkey is generally referred to in legal and regulatory language as participation finance or participation banking. Instead of conventional interest-based banking, participation banking is based on principles such as profit-and-loss participation, asset-backed financing, trade-based financing, partnership, leasing, agency and compliance with interest-free finance standards. Turkey has developed a distinctive participation banking […]
Introduction Letters of credit are among the most important instruments used in international trade finance in Turkey. Turkish exporters, importers, banks, logistics companies, commodity traders, manufacturers and foreign commercial partners frequently rely on letters of credit to reduce payment risk and documentary risk in cross-border sales. A letter of credit allows a seller to receive […]
Introduction Bankruptcy and insolvency risks are among the most important legal issues in Turkish finance transactions. A loan, credit facility, financial leasing agreement, factoring transaction, project finance structure or cross-border financing arrangement may appear commercially strong at the signing stage, but its true legal strength is tested when the borrower becomes financially distressed. At that […]
Introduction Enforcement of foreign loan agreements in Turkey is a critical issue for foreign banks, international lenders, private credit funds, export credit agencies, development finance institutions, corporate lenders, shareholders and investors financing Turkish borrowers. A foreign loan agreement may be carefully drafted under English law, New York law, Swiss law or another foreign legal system, […]
Introduction Financial institutions in Turkey play a vital role in corporate finance, consumer finance, trade finance, SME funding, equipment acquisition, receivables financing and alternative credit structures. Although banks are the most visible actors in the Turkish financial system, non-bank financial institutions such as financial leasing companies, factoring companies and financing companies are also essential parts […]