Introduction Collateral and security interests play a central role in Turkish finance law. In almost every significant credit transaction, lenders seek legal protection beyond the borrower’s personal promise to repay. This protection may take the form of a mortgage over real estate, a pledge over movable assets, a share pledge, a bank account pledge, an […]
Introduction Bank guarantees in Turkey are among the most important security instruments used in commercial transactions, construction contracts, public tenders, lease agreements, project finance, international trade, distribution agreements, supply contracts and infrastructure projects. A Turkish bank guarantee, commonly known as a letter of guarantee or banka teminat mektubu, allows a beneficiary to secure payment or […]
Introduction Syndicated loans in Turkey are an important financing tool for banks, large corporate groups, infrastructure projects, energy companies, export businesses, acquisition finance transactions and refinancing structures. A syndicated loan allows multiple lenders to provide financing to a borrower under a common facility agreement. Instead of one bank bearing the entire credit exposure, the risk […]
Introduction Project finance in Turkey is a major legal and financial mechanism used for infrastructure, energy, transportation, healthcare, ports, airports, industrial facilities, mining, logistics, renewable energy and public-private partnership projects. Unlike ordinary corporate lending, project finance is primarily based on the cash flow, assets, permits, contracts and risk profile of a specific project rather than […]
Introduction Crypto asset regulation in Turkey has entered a new and much more formal legal phase. For many years, crypto assets were widely traded in Turkey, but the market operated under a fragmented legal framework. Investors used crypto exchanges, wallet providers and digital asset platforms, while regulators addressed specific risks through payment restrictions, anti-money laundering […]
Introduction Anti-money laundering compliance in Turkey is one of the most important legal obligations for banks, payment institutions, electronic money institutions, capital markets institutions, insurance companies, crypto asset service providers, financing companies and other financial institutions. As Turkey’s financial system becomes increasingly digital, cross-border and technology-driven, compliance with anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing rules has […]
Introduction Bank account freezes in Turkey are among the most urgent and commercially disruptive legal problems faced by individuals, companies, foreign investors and financial consumers. A blocked bank account can prevent salary payments, commercial transfers, tax payments, supplier payments, rent payments, loan repayments and daily business operations. For companies, even a short-term blockage may damage […]
Introduction Consumer banking law in Turkey is an important part of both banking regulation and consumer protection law. Millions of individuals use credit cards, debit cards, consumer loans, mortgage loans, overdraft accounts, online banking, mobile banking, automatic payment orders and other financial products every day. Although these products make financial life easier, they also create […]
Introduction Banking disputes in Turkey have become increasingly common due to the expansion of digital banking, consumer loans, credit cards, online payments, commercial finance, investment products, bank guarantees, electronic fund transfers and financial technology services. Individuals and companies interact with banks every day, but not every banking transaction proceeds smoothly. Unauthorized transfers, excessive fees, unfair […]
Introduction Loan agreements in Turkey are central instruments in commercial finance, banking transactions, real estate investments, project finance, acquisition finance, shareholder funding, restructuring deals and cross-border lending. Whether the lender is a Turkish bank, a foreign financial institution, a private lender, a group company or an investor, a loan agreement must be structured carefully under […]