Inheritance disputes in Turkey often begin with a simple but legally difficult question: if a person dies without children, who inherits next? Many families assume the answer is obvious. In practice, Turkish law is more structured than family intuition. The Turkish Civil Code follows a class-based succession system. Descendants come first. If there are no […]
Adoption has a clear and very important inheritance effect under Turkish law. Once a valid adoption relationship exists, the adopted child does not stand outside the inheritance system as a secondary or weaker family member. The Turkish Civil Code expressly states that the adopted child and the adopted child’s descendants inherit from the adoptive parent […]
Inheritance disputes in Turkey usually begin long before a courtroom filing. They start when a death leaves behind unanswered questions about who the heirs are, whether a will exists, whether the estate contains debt, who may control the deceased’s assets, and how family members are supposed to divide property that has passed to them together. […]
The legal conversation around alternative marine fuels in shipping has changed fundamentally. A few years ago, the main question was whether LNG, methanol, or ammonia could realistically support decarbonisation. Today, the more pressing legal question is different: who carries the risk when these fuels are used, how are they regulated, and what happens when the […]
Ship recycling law is no longer a distant compliance topic that only matters once a ship has stopped trading. It is now a live legal issue for vessel owners, operators, financiers, managers, and buyers because the end-of-life phase of a ship is increasingly regulated long before the vessel reaches the yard. The International Maritime Organization […]
Ballast water compliance is no longer a narrow technical matter handled only by the chief engineer or the environmental officer. It is now a core legal risk for shipowners and operators because ballast water rules affect a ship’s certificates, onboard procedures, equipment, crew familiarization, port state control profile, detention risk, charterparty performance, and, ultimately, whether […]
Decarbonisation clauses in charterparties have moved from optional drafting innovations to core commercial protections. The reason is simple: shipping is no longer regulated only through traditional safety, cargo, and seaworthiness rules. It is now also regulated through carbon-pricing systems, fuel-intensity standards, energy-efficiency requirements, and annual performance ratings that can affect trading rights, costs, and vessel […]
Loss of containers at sea is no longer treated as an occasional operational mishap with only private commercial consequences. It is now a matter of formal reporting duty, navigational safety, marine-environment protection, cargo-liability exposure, and, in some cases, coastal-state recovery action. The IMO announced that amendments to SOLAS and MARPOL on the mandatory reporting of […]
Sanctions compliance in shipping is no longer a niche issue for specialist compliance teams. It is now a core legal and commercial risk for shipowners, charterers, traders, cargo interests, banks, brokers, managers, insurers, and P&I clubs because a sanctions problem can stop a voyage, invalidate a trade plan, cut off insurance support, trigger port-access restrictions, […]
Maritime cyber risk management has moved from a technical IT issue to a core legal and operational duty for shipowners. Modern ships depend on interconnected bridge systems, engine-control environments, cargo software, satellite communications, remote diagnostics, fleet platforms, and port-facing digital interfaces. The IMO now defines maritime cyber risk as the extent to which computer-based systems […]