Insurance disputes in Turkey are a major part of modern commercial and consumer litigation. They arise in property insurance, motor insurance, liability insurance, health and life insurance, credit-linked insurance, cargo insurance, engineering and construction policies, and many other lines. Turkish insurance law treats insurance contracts as a distinct and highly regulated field: the Turkish Commercial […]
Banking and finance disputes in Turkey sit at the center of modern commercial litigation. They affect banks, participation banks, development and investment banks, finance companies, lenders, borrowers, guarantors, card issuers, investors, corporate treasuries, and consumers. Turkish banking law is designed to protect confidence and stability in financial markets, the efficient functioning of the credit system, […]
Professional liability claims in Turkey sit at the intersection of contract law, tort law, civil procedure, and sector-specific professional regulation. In practice, these claims commonly arise against lawyers, doctors, architects, engineers, accountants, auditors, consultants, and other licensed or specialized professionals whose work involves expertise, trust, and a high standard of care. Turkish law does not […]
Lease disputes in Turkey are among the most common and commercially significant civil disputes in the Turkish legal system. They affect residential landlords, commercial tenants, investors, developers, family offices, retailers, office occupiers, and property managers alike. In Turkish law, lease conflicts are not limited to unpaid rent. They often involve eviction, rent adjustment, early surrender, […]
Real estate litigation in Turkey covers a wide range of disputes involving ownership, possession, registration, co-ownership, tenancy, boundaries, neighbor rights, condominium conflicts, and land-registry errors. In Turkish law, these disputes do not all go to the same court or follow the same route. Some are heard by the Civil Court of First Instance, some by […]
Consumer disputes in Turkey are governed by a detailed legal framework that combines court actions, administrative controls, consumer arbitration committees, and mandatory mediation in many court-based disputes. The core statute is the Consumer Protection Law No. 6502, which states that its purpose is to protect consumers’ health, safety, and economic interests, compensate their losses, and […]
Construction disputes in Turkey are among the most complex and commercially important disputes in the Turkish legal system. They often involve large financial exposure, technically dense facts, multi-party contracting chains, urgent interim protection needs, and intense evidentiary battles over delay, defects, payment, variation works, and project completion. In practice, a construction case in Turkey is […]
Unfair competition lawsuits in Turkey are one of the most practical and commercially significant tools available to businesses that need to react quickly to misleading market behavior, deceptive advertising, confusion-based sales tactics, misuse of trade secrets, and other bad-faith competitive practices. Under the Turkish Commercial Code, the purpose of the unfair competition regime is to […]
Shareholder disputes and corporate litigation in Turkey are among the most important issues in Turkish business law. They affect joint ventures, family companies, growth-stage businesses, closely held companies, foreign-invested subsidiaries, and mature corporate groups alike. In Türkiye, international investors are generally granted the same rights and liabilities as local investors, and the Turkish Commercial Code […]
Recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments in Turkey is one of the most important subjects in cross-border litigation. A judgment obtained abroad does not become automatically effective in Turkey merely because it is final in the country of origin. As a rule, a separate Turkish court process is required so that the foreign judgment […]